Biology: Ch.2
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Created by:
rachel_r_hamilton on September 21, 2012
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Questions and Vocab in Chapter 2 of C-12 Biology Book
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95 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 activation energy | energy need to start a chemical reaction |
| anabolic energy | endothermic reaction in organism |
| biochemical reactions | chemical reactions that occur inside the cells of living things |
| catabolic energy | exothermic reactions in organisms |
| endothermic energy | chemical reactions that absorbs energy |
| enzymes | protein that speeds up biochemical reaction |
| exothermic energy | chemical reactions that releases energy |
| metabolism | sum of all the biochemical reactions in an organism |
| product | substance that form as the result of a chemical reaction |
| reactants | starting material in chemical reaction |
| chemical equation | represents a chemical reaction |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes some chemical substances into others |
| catabolic reaction | What type of reaction occurs when you digest your food? |
| reducing the amount of activation energy | How do enzymes work? |
| CH4 +2O2 →CO2 +2H2O | What is the chemical equation for burning methane? |
| ph,temperature,ionic conditions | Activities of enzymes depend on what? |
| enzymes | Another name for "biological catalyst" |
| anabolic energy | The joining of amino acids to form a protein is what type of reaction? |
| activation energy | A push needed to start a chemical reaction? |
| reactants | During a chemical reaction, the __________ are used up to create the products. |
| energy | All chemical reactions need ____________ to get started |
| Exothermic | ___________ reactions in organism are called catabolic reactions |
| Metabolism | Your ______________ includes both exothermic and endothermic reactions. |
| Bonds | A chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of ____________ |
| conserved | In a chemical reaction, all matter is ___________ |
| Heat | Energy can be released during a chemical reaction in a form of ________ and light. |
| Elements | In a chemical reaction, there is the same amount of each ________ in the products as there was in the reactants. |
| anabolic | A ____________ reactions builds up bigger molecules from smaller ones. |
| make up cells and carry out life processes | List 2 functions of organic compounds |
| Carbohydrates and Lipids | Which 2 compounds of organic compounds store energy? |
| DNA have 2 polynucleotide chains, RNA have 1 polynucleotide chain | What is the main difference between RNA and DNA |
| 100s amino acid | How many amino acids does small protein have? |
| 1000s amino acid | How many amino acids does large protein have? |
| Carbon creates stable bonds with other elements and itself | Why is carbon considered the essential element of life? |
| compound | Water (H2O) is an |
| the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms | What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? |
| helps cells keep their shape,destroy foreign substances,speeds up biochemical reactions | What are functions of protein? |
| DNA | _______ is how inherited characteristics are passed from one generation to the next. |
| Lipid | What organic compound is the major component of cell membrane? |
| Cellulose | cell wall of plant is made out of |
| carbon | main element of organic compounds is |
| Lipid | organic compound that stores energy, forms cell membranes, carries message |
| DNA | organic compound that contain instructions for protein |
| Carbohydrates | organic compound that provides energy to cells, stores energy, form body structures |
| Protein | organic compound that helps cell keep their shape |
| Element | a pure substance, like carbon |
| Polysaccharide | may contain just a few simple sugars or thousands |
| Amino Acid | subunit that makes up proteins |
| Nucleotide | subunit used to make nucleic acids |
| Saturated fatty acid | lipid in which carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | lipid in which carbon atoms are bonded to groups of atoms other then hydrogen |
| Phospholipid | major component of cell membranes |
| Matter | anything that take up space and has mass |
| Compound | A substance that consist of 2 or more elements |
| Antibodies | protein which binds foreign substance such as bacteria and targets them for destructions |
| Glucose | monosaccharide used for energy by the cells of most organisms |
| Hemoglobin | protein that binds with oxygen molecules |
| double helix | shape of DNA |
| Starch | used by plants to store energy |
| Cellulose | used by plants to form rigid walls around the cell |
| Genetic, RNA | DNA contains________ instructions for proteins and ______ helps assembles the protein. |
| Mass | Matter is anything that takes up space and ________ |
| Acidic environment | Describe the best environment for the enzyme pepsin. |
| dissolves substances | Why is water so important |
| Hydronium ion | product from a breakdown of water, with a positive charge, forms another water molecule accepts the hydrogen ion |
| Photosynthesis-water is a reactant Respiration- water is a product | main difference between photosynthesis and cellar respiration in term of water |
| Water planet because 75% of surface is water | Earth is sometimes called the.... |
| Lemon juice | .... is a strong acid |
| orange juice | example of solution |
| base | A solution with a lower concentration of hydronium ion is a |
| sticks together, boiling point, expands when freezes | Hydrogen bonds affect water's properties such as |
| icecaps and glaciers | Most freshwater is found where |
| boiling point | 212F or 100C |
| pH scale | 0-14 |
| acid | pH less then 7 |
| base | pH more then 7 |
| Photosynthesis | 6CO2+6H20+Energy->C6H12O6+6O2 |
| hydroxide ions | -OH |
| pH | measure of acidity of a solution |
| solution | same composition throughout |
| pepsin | needs an acidic environment to work |
| pancreas | an organ that secretes a strong base into the small intestines |
| Polarity | difference in electrical charge within the same molecule |
| Hydrogen bond | holds water molecule together |
| Structure | Water's_____________ gives a unique properties that helps explain why it vital to all living things. |
| Lower | Ice floats on water because ice has a _________ density |
| Blood | ____________ is slightly basic with a pH just above 7 |
| positive | in a water molecule, hydrogen atoms have a ______________ charge. |
| indicators | indicates that a chemical reaction has a occurred |
| guanine | cytosine always binds with.... |
| thymine | adenine always binds with.... |
| brown paper bag | In a lipid test, the indicator is a... |
| buret solution | In a protein test, the indicator is a |
| iodine | In a starch(carbs) test, the indicator is |
| glucose strips | In a glucose(carbs) test, the indicator is |
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