| Term | Definition |
|---|
| vector | a straight line segment whose length is magnitude and whose orientation in space is direction |
| acceleration | change in velocity / time |
| velocity | The distance an object travels per unit of time in a given direction; V = D/T |
| speed | distance traveled per unit time |
| theory | a hypothesis that is generally accepted due to LOTS of experimental support |
| volume | how much space an object makes up |
| density | A measure of the amount of mass per unit of volume |
| kilo | thousand |
| centi | 1/100 or .01 |
| dependent variable | in an experiment, the factor whose value changes because of a change in the independent., what other change happens when the scientist changes the independent variable |
| independent variable | a variable that is controlled and changed by the researcher |
| scientific method | A research method whereby a problem is identified, a hypothesis stated, and hypothesis is tested |
| atomic mass | Atomic mass is determined by the mass if the protons and neutrons of the atom. |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; this is the same for all atoms of the same element |
| Wave Model | Also called the Electron Cloud Model, most current idea of an atom, small, dense, positive nucleus, with enough electrons located outside to make the atom neutral |
| Bohr | Electrons found in outer energy levels |
| Rutherford | Gold Foil Experiment, atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus |
| Thompson | Plum Pudding Model, alot of positive material, some small negatives sprinkled in, first to discover the electron |
| Dalton | Atoms are indivisible & indestructable, compounds form when atoms are joined, atoms of the same element are alike, and those of others are different |
| Greek Model | Determined by Democritus, atoms are all shapes & sizes |
| proton | A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus. |
| neutron | An uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus |
| isotope | atom of the same element that have diffrent numbers of nentrons in their nuclei, but the same number of protons. |
| electron | a negatively charged particle, A negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus. |
| atom | the smallest partical of an element that still have all the properties of an element |
| law | is a well-tested description of behavior of something in nature. |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| pure substance | A substance made up of only one type of matter. Elements and compounds |
| element | pure substance consisting entirely of one type of atom |
| compound | a type of matter that cotains two or more chemically combined elements |
| heterogeneous mixture | substance that doesn't appear to be the same throughout |
| homogeneous mixture | A mixture that appears the same throuought |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | Substance that does the dissolving |
| suspension | a mixture in which the particles or a substance are mixed together but are large enough that they will settle |
| colloid | heterogeneous mixture containing tiny particles that do not settle; for example, milk & gelatin |
| physical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
| viscosity | the thickness of al iquid. A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | the temp at which a solution turns from liquid to gas |
| physical change | a change in shape, size, form, or state of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the matter |
| chemical property | describes how a substance changes into a new substance |
| flammability | the ability of a substance to burn |
| chemical change | The change of one or more substances into a new substance(s) |
| solid | a state of matter that has definite shape and matter |
| liquid | a state of matter that has definite volume but no shape |
| gas | a state of matter with no definite volume or shape |
| phase change | reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another |
| vaporization | liquid to gas change |
| evaporization | is when the vaporization takes plave only on surface of the liquid. |
| condensation | the change from a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | change from a solid directly to a gas phase |
| energy level | a region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found |
| electron cloud | Area outside the atomic nucleus where the probability of finding electrons is high cloud model emphasizes the electron is not in a fixed orbit or distance from the nucleus center. |
| frame of reference | background or object that is used to compare motion |
| average speed | it's found by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken |
| instantaneous speed | the rate of motion at a given instant in time, such as that given on a car's speedometer |
| weight | A measure of the force of gravity on an object |
Combine with other sets
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