Motor Speech Final
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Created by:
AbraMarcum on September 21, 2012
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Description:
Speech pathology
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Set copied from cookwie1
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 flaccid dysarthria | Myesthenia gravis acetylcholine diminish needs to build up Multiple Sclerosis weakness, reduced force of muscle contraction, decreased loudness hypernasality nasal emission continuous breathiness audible inspiration |
| spastic dysarthria | slowness of movement reduced ROM and weakness hyperadduction vocal folds harshness due to VF slamming ALS, MS white matter inflammation in brain airflow co-ordination due to hyperadduction |
| ataxic dysarthria | inco-ordination hypotonia irregular articulatory breakdowns irregular AMR vowel distortions excess and equal stress excess loudness variations dysprosody |
| hypokinetic dysarthria | reduced ROM and rigidity only rapid rate dysarthria reduced stress monopitch decreased loudness monoloudness inappropriate silences breathiness worse only in flaccid dysarthria DOPAMINE LOSS Parkinson's |
| unilateral dysarthria | unilateral central facial weakness imprecise consonants irregular articulatory breakdowns strained, harsh voice slow rate can co-occur with apraxia of speech usually mild dysarthria |
| mixed dysarthria | any combination of 2 or more dysarthrias |
| evaluation needs 5 things | 1. case history 2. oral motor exam 3. AMR, SMR 4. speech sample 5. language cognition assessment |
| PROMPT, SPT | designed for pediatric apraxia of speech, articulatory kinematic approach for moderate to severe AOS |
| ideational apraxia | inability to use an object due to los of knowledge of object's function |
| ideomotor apraxia | deficit in carying out motor plan needed to use an object (know how to use toothbrush but can't sequence to get it done) |
| dysarthria | disruption of nerve to muscle |
| apraxia of speech | inability to sequence voluntary movements for speech problem with the motor sequencing side of things are disrupted for articulation |
| location of apraxia of speech | dominant language hemisphere cortex and white matter lesions |
| location of dysarthrias | unilateral or bilateral lesions umn, lmn basal ganglia cerebellus cranial and spinal nerves extra pyramidal system |
| literal or phonemic error | seen in aphasias incorrect sounds within words (shooshbruss for toothbrush |
| verbal or semantic error | seen in aphasias incorrect word subbed for target (door for window) |
| primary progressive aphasia | degenerative neuro disease |
| primary progressive aos | aos with insidious onset |
| apraxia features | reduced rate increased transitioning time disordered prosody |
| bulbar palsy | multiple cranial nerve lesions for speech and swallowing affected |
| fasciculations | lower motor neuron |
| LSVT Lee Silverman Voice Treatment | Parkinson's patients need this to speak |
| bradykinesia | slow moving |
| akinesia | Parkinsonism delayed initiation |
| Parkinsonism | vocal fold bowing vocal fold asymmetry shuffling gait muscle rigidity resting tremor in hands and feet dopamine loss |
| rigidity vs spasticity | rigid will never bend spastic will relax |
| 3 branches of Flaccid dysarthria | pharyngeal - hypernasal superior laryngeal - breathy hoarse recurrent laryngeal - reduced pitch and loud |
| 5 components for normal speech production | respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, prosody |
| respiration problems | short phrases reduced loudness breathy vocal quality |
| phonation problems | hypotonicity hypertonicity vocal fold vibration dependent on complete adduction of folds and suficient subglottic air pressure to cause folds to vibrate |
| resonance problems | dependent on raising and lowering velum timing problem hypernasality |
| articulation problems | damage to nerves imprecise consonants slurred or drunken sound |
| prosody problems | pitch loudness, long slow intervals between syllables and words |
| diplophonia | hearing 2 pitches at once, cords not completely closing |
| hyperkinetic dysarthria | Huntington's Sydenham's chorea orn St. Vitus dance abnormal rhythmic or irregular and unpredictable, rapid or slow movemets excessive loudness tremor in pitch monotone one min and loudness the next chorea, myoclonus, tics, essential tremor, dystonia, tics pitch breaks often has prominent effects on prosody, deviant speech characteristics based on type of involuntary movements, abnormal movements diagnosis bizarreness hyper refers to excessive and involuntary movements and not speed of movements not during sleep Toiurette's syndrome |
| chorea | random involuntary movements of head, neck, limbs & trunk |
| myoclonus | involuntary, brief muscle contractions in part of a muscle or group of muscles |
| dystonia | intermittent muscle contractions, painful |
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