Science Review Guide
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Created by:
Soccercrazy on March 30, 2007
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This is for our Volcanoe test! I'm using the study giude Ms. Haselby gave us!
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What makes an eruption explosive? | If there is a lot of silica and a lot of water than the eruption will be explosive. |
| What makes an eruption non-explosive? | For an eruption to not be explosive it has to have only a little silica nad wtaer. |
| How are explosive and non-explosive eruptions different? | Non-explosive eruptions have lava flows while explosive eruptions shoot molten rock into the air. |
| What is produced by a non-explosive eruption? | Non-explosive eruptions form land and enlarge the volcanoes because there are continuous lava flows. |
| What is produced by explosive eruptions? | Explosive eruptions cause damage and shrink volcanoes. |
| What are some examples of pyroclastic material? | Volocanic blocks, Volcanic bombs, Lapilli, Volcanic ash |
| What are some examples of lava? | Blocky lava, Pahoehoe, Aa, Pillow Lava |
| True or False: Volcanic blocks are the biggest type of pyroclastic material. | True |
| What are volcanic bombs? | Volcanic bombs are pieces of pyroclastic material that harden in the air and flattened into a bomb shape. |
| What is Lapilli? | Lapilli is pyroclastic material that hardens in the air and is small like pebbles. |
| What is Blocky lava? | Blocky lava usually stays near the volcano and looks like a huge block. |
| What is Pahoehoe? | Pahoehoe is lava that flows slowly like wax. |
| What is Aa? | Aa is a type of lava that has a brittle crust and the lava underneath the crust continous to move. |
| What is pillow lava? | Pillow lava is formed when there is an eruption underwater. The pillow lava looks like a pillow but it's actually very hard. |
| What are positive effects of an explosive eruption? | Positive effects are that more land is built and the soil becomes evry fertile! |
| What are the negative effects of an explosive eruptions? | It can block the sun for days, it can kill plants-animals-people, |
| What is an extinct volcano? | An extinct volcano is a volcano that has no record of erupting. It is also a volcano that is showing no signs of erupting soon. |
| What is a dormant volcano? | A dormant volcano is a volcano that has erupted in the past and is showing signs of possibly erupting in the future. (asleep) |
| What is an active volcano? | An active volcano is a volcano that has erupted in the |
| What do scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions? | Scientist use satellites, thermal pictures, tillmeter, seismograph, |
| How do scientist predict volcanic eruptions? | Scientist use a tillmeter to see if there is a bulge, a seismograph to see if there is any seismic activity, ect. |
| What can a hot spot form? | It can form an island chain. |
| What is a hot spot? | A hot spot is a place on the earth's crust right above a mantle plume. |
| Where are most volcanoes found? | Most are found on tectonic plate boundaries, convergent/divergent boundaries, but most oftenly on the Ring of Fire. |
| How do volcanoes form on divergent boundaries? | At a divergent boundary there is a rift. This rift decreases pressure and this release of pressure causes an eruption which will eventually form a volcano. |
| How do Volcanoes form on a convergent boundary? | At a convergent boundary because the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate and melts. This melting oceanic plate forms magma which causes an eruption which will eventually form a volcano. |
| What are some characteristics of a shield volcano? | Non-Explosive, gently sloping sides, enormous, wide base, Example: Mauna Kea |
| How does a shield volcano get its shape? | It gets its shape from layers of very runny lava. |
| What are some characteristics of a cinder cone volcano? | steep sides, narrow base, small, occur in clusters, erode quickly, erupt for short periods of time, Example: Paricutin |
| How does a cinder cone volcano get its shape? | It gets its shape from pyroclastic material that comes from moderatly explosive eruptions. |
| What are some characteristics of a composite volcano? | broad base, steep sides, most common, also known as a stratovolcano, medium or large, Example: Japan's MT. Fugi |
| How does a composite volcano get its shape? | It gets its shape from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic materials followed by quieter outpourings. |
| How does magma form? | There is a constant temperature so when there is a release in presure the ro9ck will melt into magma. |
| a hole or crack in the earth's crust through which magma rises to the surface | Vent |
| the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts; may include mineral crystals | Magma |
| magma and fragments of rock that are ejectedinto the atmosphere during a violent volcanic eruption | Pyroclastic material |
| magma that erupts onto the earth's surface | Lava |
| a mountain that forms when lava or pyroclastic material builds up around a volcanic vent | Volcano |
| a large, gently sloped volcano that forms repeated, non-explosive eruptions of lava | Shield Volcano |
| a small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from moderatly explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material | Cinder Cone Volcano |
| a volcano made of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material; also called a stratovolcano | Composite Volcano |
| a funnel-shaped pit around the central vent of a volcano | Crater |
| a circular depression that forms when a magma chamber empties and causes the ground above to sink | Caldera |
| a zone of thin, fractured lithosphere that forms between tectonic plates as they seperate | Rift |
| a place on Earth's surface that sits directly above a rising column of magma called a mantle plume | Hot Spot |
| What were the signs that Mount St. Helens was becoming active and might erupt again? (the spring of 1980) | There was smoke and gases that were coming out of Mount St. Helens and there had also been various little earthquakes. Ther was also a slight bulge. |
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