| Term | Definition |
|---|
| heredity | the passage of traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | the study of the processes by which traits are passed from one generation to another |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual made of 2 alleles |
| phenotype | the expression of the genotype of an individual; the physical characteristics of an organism |
| homozygous | the term used to refer to a genotype that has two identical allleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | the term used to refer to a genotype that has two different allleles for a particular trait |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a trait |
| hybrid | the offspring of crosses between parents that have different traits |
| pure breeding | organisms that will produce offspring identical to themselves when allowed to self pollinate |
| dominance | describes traits that always express/show themselves |
| recessive | describes traits that only express themselves when paired with 2 similar alleles |
| segregationt | he separation of 2 alleles during the production of alleles by meiosis |
| meiosis | the process of division by which gametes are produced that have 1/2 the number of chromosomes |
| Punnett squares | used to predict and compare the offspring produced by a designated cross/mating |
| independent assortment | genes for different traits separate independently during the formation of gametes by meiosis |
| incomplete dominance | blending of the traits of a heterozygous genotype |
| codominance | form of inheritance in which both alleles of a genotype are expressed equally to produce a phenotype |
| multiple alleles | gene that have not 2 but 3 forms of the alleles, example: blood type |
| polygenic | traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes |
| pleiotrophy | a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits |
| random fertilization | source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations |
| crossing over | the exchange of chromosome segments during prophase I of meiosis that causes genetic recombination |
| homologous | pairs of chromosomes that are similar in structure and genetic makeup, one of which is comes from the mother while the other is derived from the father |
| linkage | the condition where genes for different traits are carried on the same chromosome |
| 3:1 | phenotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross, Aa X Aa |
| 1:2:1 | genotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross, Aa X Aa |
| 9:3:3:1 | phenotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous dihybrid cross, AaBc X AaBc |
| haploid | half the number of chromosomes normally found in the cells of an organism |
| diploid | the full number of chromosomes made of one set of chromosomes from each parent |
| spermatogenesis | the process of sperm production |
| oogenesis | the process of egg production |
| ovaries | site of meiosis in females |
| testes | site of meiosis in males |
Combine with other sets
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