| Term | Definition |
|---|
| diffusion | the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a membrane from an area of higher water concentration |
| isotonic | a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is the same as the concentration inside the cell |
| turgor pressure | the pressure that builds in a plant cell as a result of osmosis |
| plasmolysis | the loss of water from a plant cell resulting in a drop in turgor pressure |
| facilitated transport | the diffusion of materials across a plasma membrane by transport proteins |
| heat energy | the energy of motion |
| active transport | the transport of materials against a gradient and requiring energy |
| endocytosis | a process in which a cell surronds and takes in material from its environment |
| ribosomes | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, oone of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein, in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| cell theory | all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the besic units of structure and function in an organism, cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells. |
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain a constant internal environment |
| plasma/cell membrane | cover's a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell. all materials enter or exit through the plasma membrane. |
| cytoplasm | the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
| cytosol | the part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles |
| organelles | well-defined, intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
| mitochondria | tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP |
| lysosomes | vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes |
| cell wall | a rigid layer that lies outside the cell's plasma membrane |
| chloroplasts | an organelle found in plant and algae cells. uses light energy to make carbs from carbon dioxide and water. |
| hypotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower then the solute concentration inside a cell |
| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell |
| cytolysis | the bursting of cells |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substances to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out of the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| vaculole | stores materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbs |
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