Chemistry Vocabulary
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specialK214 on September 23, 2012
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Modern Chemistry, Chapters 1-2
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical | any substance that has a definite composition |
| chemistry | the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes |
| atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element |
| change of state | A physical change of a substance from one state to another |
| chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter |
| chemical property | a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| compound | a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter |
| gas | the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity |
| heterogeneous | not uniform throughout |
| homogeneous | of the same kind; uniform in composition throughout |
| liquid | a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | that which has mass and occupies space |
| mixture | a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) |
| physical change | a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition |
| physical property | a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance |
| plasma | a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors |
| product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties |
| reactant | a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
| solid | of definite shape and volume |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| family | Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group |
| group | Vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
| metal | any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. |
| metalloid | of or being a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal |
| nonmetal | a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties |
| period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question |
| scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses |
| model | the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale) |
| system | a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium |
| theory | a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world |
| conversion factor | factor by which a quantity that is expressed in one set of units must be multiplied in order to convert it into another set of units |
| density | mass/volume |
| derived unit | a unit of measure that is a combination of other measurements |
| quantity | how much there is of something that you can quantify |
| SI | a complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists |
| volume | the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object |
| weight | the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity |
| precision | a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another |
| accuracy | a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured |
| directly proportional | the relationship between two variables whose ratio is a constant value |
| indirectly proportional | product is constant (y=1/x) (xy=k) |
| percent error | the percent that a measured value differs from the accepted value |
| scientific notation | A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. |
| significant figures | all the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus a last estimated digit |
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