Hunter AP Lab Quiz 2 - Pt 1
About this set
Created by:
jmatriano91 on September 24, 2012
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
148 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Give one area or bone where a fossa can be found | skull/ elvis (ilium)/ humerus/ femur/ sapula |
| give one area or bone where a groove can be found | skull/ ribs/ radius |
| give one area or bone where a process can be found | skull/ vertebrae |
| give one are or bone where a foramen can be found | skull/ vertebrae/ pelvis (pubis/ ischium) |
| __________ are fibrous bands that form between the surfaces where bones meet | adhesions |
| _________ is leterally "water on the Knee" due to hard blow to the knee/ damage/ inflammation of bursae | Bursititis |
| A ____________ is the forcing of a bone from its normal position, usually with respect to an articulation point synovial joint | dislocation |
| A abnormally thin ephiphyseal plate indicates ______________ | growth retardation |
| What irregularity in spinal curvature characterizes kyphosis | KYPHOSIS - Excessive thoracic curvature (towards anterior) |
| What irregularity in spinal curvature characterizes lordosis | LORDOSIS - excessive lumbar curvature (towards posterior) |
| ____________is an infection of the mastoid process | mastoiditis |
| ___________is an inflammation of the meninges due to infection | meningitis |
| give an example of growth retardation/ problems with long bone growth which is seen bu using an X-Ray | pituitary dwarfism |
| In a _______________ the nucleus pulposus herniates thru the annulus portion compressing adjacent nerves | ruptured disc/ slipped intervertebral disc |
| what irregularity in spinal curvature characterizes scoliosis | scoliosis - excessive lateral curvature |
| _____________is an inflammation of the sinuses | sinusitis |
| what is the cause of sinusitis? | sinusitis is caused by an allergy or a bacterial invasion of the sinus cavities |
| A ______________ is the excessive stretching or tearing away of ligaments reinforcing a joint from their bony attachment | sprain |
| A _______________ is an extraneous bone growth in along the edges of a joint | spur |
| What is the ONE natural cause of osteoporosis? | Aging |
| Chronic __________abuse can affect the risk of developing osteoporosis (Be specific) | Alcohol/ Drug/ Tobacco |
| Name a chronic illness, mention in lab (in handout),that may contribute to the development of osteoporosis | Anemia, anorexia, leukemia, lymphoma, cancer |
| taking which drugs may cause osteoporosis (give one) | anticoagulants/ anticonvulsants/ cortisone/ laxatives/ antacids (too many) (only one needed) |
| A chronic dietary deficiency in the mineral ___________ contributes to the cause of osteoporosis. (Be specific) | Calcium |
| A decrease in the hormone _________contributes to osteoporosis | estrogen |
| what type of exercise is recommended to decrease bone loss and promote bone growth | load bearing exercise |
| in what sex is osteoporosis most prevalent? | menopausal females |
| Define osteoporosis | osteoporosis is a gradual loss of bone mass that results in weak bones |
| An abnormally brittle and pitted trabeculae in spongy bone can accompany which disease? | osteoporosis |
| in what age group is osteoporosis most prevalent? | senior/ the aged |
| a deficiency in vitamin ______________, contributes to osteoporosis. | Vitamin C/ Vitamin D |
| ________________fracture is a break in the distal portion of the radius. | colles' |
| ________________fractures shatter the affected area into a multitude of bony fragments. | comminuted |
| A ___________fracture occurs in vertebrae subjected to extreme stresses. | compression |
| A _______________ fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangments | displaced |
| An _______________fracture tends to occur where the bone matri is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying. | ephiphyseal |
| In __________________ fractures only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent | greenstick |
| __________________fractures are produced by twisting stresses that spread along the length of a bone | spiral |
| A ________________ fracture breaks a shaft bone across its long axis | transverse |
| ___________________is a movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body | abduction |
| ___________________is movement of a limb towards the midline of the body | abduction |
| __________________are slightly moveable joints | amphiarthroses |
| give one characteristic of a synovial joint | articular cartilage covers articulating ends of bones, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, articular capsule, reinforcing ligaments, bursae and fibrocartilage pads may also be found (accept any one) |
| an ________________ is a joint, a place where two bones meet | articulation |
| give an example of a ball-and-socket-joint | ball-and socket joint- acetabulum/ femur joint, humerus/ shoulder joint |
| _______________joints are held together by a plate or pad of cartilage | cartilaginous joints |
| _______________ is the movement of the distal end of a bone in a circle, tracing a cone while the proximal end remains stationary | circumduction |
| give an example of a condyloid joint | condyloid joint- metocarpophalangeal joint |
| when a muscle has a ____________, its fibers shorten, the insertion moves towards the origin | contraction/ contracts |
| _______________are freely moveable joints | diarthroses |
| ________________is a movement of ankle joint in dorsal direction | dorsiflexion |
| ______________ is a lateral turning of the sole of the foot | eversion |
| _______________is a movement that increases the angel of the joint, and increases the distance between two bones | extension |
| give an example of a syndesmosis | fibrous connective tissue connecting the distal ends of the tibia and the fibula |
| _____________joints are joints that are held together by fibrous tissue, mostly synarthrotic | fibrous joints |
| ______________is a movement that decreases the angle of the joint reducing the distance between two bones | flexion |
| give an example of a hinge joint | hinge joint - elbow joint, interphalangeal joints |
| ______________is an exension greater than 180 degrees | hyperextension |
| every muscle is attached to bone or connective tissue at two points, the origin - the stationary, immovable, or less movable attachment, and the _______________ - the movable attachment | insertion |
| ___________________ is a medial turning of the sole of the foot | inversion |
| give an example of synchondrosis | joint between costal cartilage of 1 ST rib and the sternum/ epiphyseal plate seen in long bones of growing hildren |
| every muscle is attache to bone or connective tissue at two points, the ________ - the stationary, immovable, or less movable attachment, and the insertion - the movable attachment | origin |
| give an example of a pivot joint | pivot- proximal radioulnar joint, atlas/ axis joint |
| give an example of a plane joint | plane - intercarpal and intertarsal joints |
| ______________ is a flexing of the foot downwards | plantar flexion |
| _____________ is the movement of the palm from the anterior/ upward (anatomical) position to the posterior/ downwards position, crossing the ulna and the radius | pronation |
| give an example of symphysis | pubic symphysis/ intervertebral joints |
| _____________ is the movement of a bone around its long axis, without medial or lateral displacement | rotation |
| give an example of a saddle joint | saddle joint - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
| ____________ is a movement of the palm from a posterior to an anterior position/ moves radius and ulna into parallel position | supination |
| ____________are joints where irregular edges of bones interlock and are connected by short connective tissue fibers | suture joints |
| in ___________ joints the bones are connected by a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage | symphyses |
| ____________ are immovable joints | synarthroses |
| in _______________ joints the bones are con net by hyaline cartilage | synchondrosis |
| in ____________ joints the articulating bones are connected by short ligaments of dense connective tissue, the bones do not interlock | syndesmoses |
| ______________ joints in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid | synovial joints |
| give an example of a suture joint | the joints holding the bones of the skull |
| give an example of a gomphosis | the teeth held in the mandible by periodontal ligaments |
| give one function of an articulation | to hold bones together/ allow for flexibility of the skeleton to allow body movements |
| give one example of a short bone | carpals, patella, tarsals |
| give one example ofa flat bone | cranial bones/ the facial bones/sternum |
| give one characteristic of flat bones | flat bones - generally thin/ 2 layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone/ many are curved |
| give one example of a long bone | humerus/ ulna/ radius/ femur/ fibula/ tibia/ ribs/ metacarpals/ phalanges |
| give one characteristic of long bones | long bones - longer than wide/ cosist of shaft and heads/ composed primarily of compact bone |
| give one example of a sesamoid | patella/ kneecap tiny bones formed in larger tendons |
| give one example of an irregular bone | pelvis/ vertebrae/ saccrum/ coccyx |
| give one characteristic of sesamoid bones | sesamoid bones - specialized short bone/ found inside of tendons |
| give one characteristic of short bones | short bones - cube shaped/ more spongy bone than compact bone |
| give one characteristic of sutural/ wormian bones | tiny bones/ found inside of sutures |
| describe the bone thickness of a male pelvis | bones are heavy and thick/ markings are more prominent than a female pelvis |
| describe the pubic angel of the female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female pelvic characteristics) | broader (80-90 degrees) pubic angle/ arch than the male pelvis |
| give one function of the female pelvis | holds reproductive organs/ adapted for childbearing |
| give one function of the male pelvis | hold reproductive organs/ supports heavy bones and strong muscles of the male |
| describe the acetabula of a male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | larger, closer together than a female pelvis |
| describe the coccyx of the male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | less movable and curves more ventrally than the female pelvis |
| describe the bon thickness of afemale pelvis | lighter/ thinner/ smoother than a male pelvis |
| describe the pubic angle of the male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male pelvic characteristics) | more acute ( 50 - 60 degrees) pubic angle/ arch than the female pelvis |
| describe the coccyx of the female pelives as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | more movable, straighter than the male pelvis |
| describe the pelvic inlet of the male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | narrow, and heart shaped as compared to the femal pelvis |
| describe the pelvic outlet of the male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | narrower, ischial spines are longer, sharper and point more medially than in the female pelvis |
| describe the sacrum of the male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | narrower, longer and the sacral promontory is more ventral than the female pelvis |
| describe the acetabula ofa female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | smaller, farther apart than a male pelvis |
| describe the tilt of a male pelvis as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | tilted less forward than a female pelvis |
| describe the tilt of a female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | tilted more forward than a male pelvis |
| describe the true pelvis of a female as compared to the male pelvis | true pelvis of the female is broader, more shallow and has greater capacity than the male pelvis |
| describe the true pelvis of a male as compared to the female pelvis (give only male characteristics) | true pelvis of the male is narrower and deeper than a female pelvis |
| describe the pelvic inlet of the female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | wider, and oval from side to side compared to the male pelvis |
| describe the sacrum of the female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | wider, shorter, and the sacrum is less curved than the male pelvis |
| describe the pelvic outlet of the female pelvis as compared to the male pelvis (give only female characteristics) | wider, the ischial spines are shorter, farther apart, and everted than in the male pelvis |
| how many named bones are found in the human body? | 206 named bones in human (not including individual-variable numbers of sutural and small sesamoid bones) |
| what groups of bones comprise the appendicular skeleton? | appendicular skeleton - pectoral girdle/ appendage bones/ pelvic girdle |
| what type of cartilage is articular cartilage composed of? | hyaline |
| what covers the articular surfaces of the long bones? | articular cartilages/ hyaline cartilage |
| name two of the 3 groups of bones that comprise the axial skeleton? | axial skeleton - skull/ thoracic cage/ vertebral column |
| name two of the 7 main types of skeletal cartilages (not the 3 structural types!) | cartilages of the skeleton - articular cartilages/ costal cartilages/ laryngeal cartilages/ tracheal cartilages and bronchial cartilages/ nasal cartilages/ intervertebral cartilages external ear |
| what type of cartilage is costal cartilage composed of? | hyaline |
| what is the anatomical name for the shaft of the long bone? | diaphysis |
| all bone of the body below the skull, except the collar bone, form in the embryo by the process of ____________, which uses hyaline cartilage " bone" as patterns for bone formation | endochondral ossification |
| the delicate _________________ lines the inner shaft, also covering the trabeculae of the spongy bone and lines the canals of compact bone | endosteum |
| what type of cartilage is the epiglottis composed of? | elastic |
| once long bone has stopped growing the ephphyseal plate is replaced with bone and appears as a thin barely discernable remnant called the _________________ | epiphyseal line |
| in young animals that are growing the ___________ can be seen, which is a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudicnal growth of the bone | epiphyseal plate (growth plates) |
| what is the anatomical term for the ends of the long bone? | epiphysis (proximal/ distal) |
| what type of cartilage is the external ear composed of? | external ear - elastic |
| the flexibility of bone comes from the _________ of the matrix, particularly the collagen fibers | flexibility of bone - organic elements |
| the hardness of bone is due to the _____________ deposited in its ground matrix | hardness of bone - inorganic calcium salts |
| red marrow cavities of bones provide a site for ____________(red blood cell formation) | hematopoiesis |
| name two of the 3 types of cartilage | hyaline cartilage/ fibrocartilage/ elastic cartilage |
| what type of cartilage is intervertebal cartilage composed of? | intervertebral cartilages/ intervertebral discs - fibrocartilage |
| give an example of where cartilage can be found | joints |
| give an example of where a meniscus can be found | knee joint |
| what type of cartilage is laryngeal | laryngeal cartilages - hyaline |
| give an exampole of where laryngeal cartilage can be found | larynx |
| name the substances that may be found in the medullary cavity of children | medullary cavity - red marrow |
| name the substances that may be found in the medullary cavity of adults | medullary cavity - yellow marrow (adipose-rich) |
| what type of cartilage is a meniscus composed of? | meniscus - fibrocartilage |
| what type of cartilage is nasal cartilage composed of? | nasal cartilages - hyaline |
| give an example of where nasal cartilage can be found | nose |
| _____________ are bone-forming bone cells | osteoblasts |
| _______________are bone-destroying bone cells | osteoclasts |
| each cartilage is surrounded by dense connective tissue called | perichondrium |
| what is the function of perichondrium? | acts to resist distortion of the cartilage when subjected to pressure/ plays a role in cartilage growth and repair |
| what may the periosteal bud contain? | periosteal bud - may contain blood vessels/ nerves/ red marrow/ elements/ osteoblasts/ osteoclasts |
| the major events of endochondral ossification begins in the _____________ of the shaft of a developing long bone | primary ossification center |
| what type of cartilage is the pubic symphysis composed of? | pubic symphysis - fibrocartilage |
| give an example of where hyaline cartilage can be found | ribs/ nose/ trachea/ larynx/ bronchi |
| give an example of where tracheal/ bronchial cartilage can be found | trachea/ lungs |
| what type of cartilage is tracheal/ bronchial cartilage composed of? | tracheal cartilages/ bronchial cartilages - hyaline |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.