Intro to Psychology (3)
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Franz Gall | Personality traits localized to different areas of brain. Said you could determine traits by feeling the skull. Brain does NOT control personality characteristics. |
| Dr. Wilder Penfield and Electrical Brain Stimulation | Localization of Function supported. Different points of stimulation produced different responses. |
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Somatic and Autonomic, Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. |
| Somatic | Controls voluntary muscles. |
| Autonomic | Controls involuntary muscles. |
| Sympathetic | Expends energy; fight or flight response. |
| Parasympathetic | Conserves energy; rest and relaxation. |
| 3 Parts of Brain | Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain |
| Hindbrain | Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum |
| Pons | Fiber bundles that "crosses over." Important in sleep and consciousness. |
| Medulla | Cough, sneeze, vomit. Overdose and hits to back of head hurt this area. |
| Pons and Medulla | Vital autonomic functions. |
| Cerebellum | "Little brain." Execution; required initial learning, but becomes automatic. Sensitive to alcohol. |
| Midbrain | Visual and auditory reflexes; reflexive behavior. Sensitive to movement in periphery. Blindsightedness. |
| Blindsightedness | Occurs when people have damage to part of brain that processes visual images we're aware of. Cortical blindness; only blind consciously. Damage to occipital cortez/primary visual cortex. |
| Forebrain | Largest part of brain. Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Striatum, Limbic System, Amygdola, Cerebral Cortex. |
| Thalamus | Where all incoming information goes first. |
| Hypothalamus | Endocrine (hormone) glands; regulates certain behaviors and sends signals to Medulla. Regulates all hormones through control of pituitary glad, which is the master endocrine organ. |
| Striatum | Layered over Thalamus. 3 parts. Rich in dopamine. |
| Substantia Nigra (SN) | Provides dopamine to striatum in forebrain. |
| Parkinson's Disease | Damage to SN. Causes problems with movement. Can no longer provide dopamine. |
| Deep Brain Stimulation | Treatment for Parkinson's Disease, not a cure. Electrodes placed in striatum. |
| Limbic System | Involved in memory function and emotional behavior. Can't learn anything new if you have Hippocampus damage. |
| Amygdola | Helps recognize emotions in others and creates emotional responses. |
| Cerebral Cortex | Final layer of brain. Bumps (gyrus) and grooves (fissure/sulcus). 4 lobes. |
| Main functions of lobes | Occipital: vision, temporal: hearing, parietal: body sensations, frontal: memory |
| Occipital Lobe | Primary visual cortex and vision. Damage=cortical blindness. |
| Temporal Lobe | Primary auditory cortex. Processing sound, visual processing, and complex shape analysis. |
| Wernicke's Aphasia | Temporal lobe damage. Can speak clearly, but it is not understandable. Lost auditory vocabulary and meaning of words. |
| Perception of Movement | Disappears from sight while moving, but can be seen when stopped. |
| Perception of Color and Brightness | We can see same colors through any filter (like sunglasses or tinted windows). |
| Visual Agnosia | Can see things, but things aren't recognizable. |
| Visual Prosopagnosia | Inability to recognize familiar human faces and self. Temporal lobe lesion (damage) and affects memory. |
| Parietal Lobe | Senses of body. Primary somatosensory cortex. |
| Sensory Homonculus | Distorted, but represents sensitivity of parts of the body to touch. |
| Phantom Limb | Occurs with people with amputations or nerve damage. Feels like pain is still in the area, even though limb is gone. Neurons that processed that area still survive, but neighboring regions start to spread and take over. |
| Unilateral Neglect | Perception of any sensory stimulus on the left side of the patient is ignored (right parietal lobe damage). |
| Frontal Lobe | Largest lobe. Primary motor cortex. Left frontal lobe=speech production. |
| Motor Homonculus | Dexterity (how likely you are to exert control over that part) of portion of body. |
| Parts of Brain that aid in Movement | Striatum, Cerebellum, Motor Cortex |
| Broca's | Speech production. Changing sounds into words. |
| Productive Aphasia | Damage to Broca's. Difficult to get words out; "telegraphic" speech. Only content words. |
| Phineas Gage | Iron from gun backfired and went through his cheek and out of his skull. Couldn't relate to people well; temperament changes. That part of frontal lobe is involved in memory function, executive function, and inhibition of limbic system. |
| Split Brain | Brain damage in one certain area, but quickly spreads and can spread to other side of brain. Can see images on right visual field because that side is controlled by left side of brain, but not opposite (not connected). |
| Corpus Callosum | Connects the left and right sides of the brain |
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