Week 4 packet physics
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Created by:
Joannaidom on September 25, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 thermal energy | the energy contained in a body by the nature of its atoms and molecules jostling(moving) |
| solid | a substance with less jiggle |
| liquid | more jiggle and sliding over each other |
| gas | with so much jiggle and movement the molecules or atoms disconnects from each other and start to collide |
| plasma | moving so fast that the atoms dissociate and form plasma |
| thermal dynamics | transfer of energy |
| temperature | proportional to the average translational kinetic energy per particle that make up a substance |
| ________does not depend on the amount of substance _________does | temperature, thermal energy |
| absolute zero | is the temperature where molecules have lost all of their available kinetic energy. No more energy can be removed from the substance ( it can no longer get colder) particles have stopped moving |
| absolute zero also correlates with? | volume |
| 273 degrees Celsius or ? | O degrees Kelvin (K) |
| what is cold? | cold is the absence of heat |
| cold is not a ? | temperature |
| temperature is ? | the addition of heat |
| heat | is the thermal energy transferred from one thing to another |
| heat always moves from _____temperature to ______ temperature | higher, lower |
| heat is measured in ? | joules |
| a calorie is? | and energy rating, determined by the energy released when the food or fuel is burned |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | when heat flows to or from a system, the system gains or loses an amount of heat equal to the amount of heat transferred |
| law of conservation | is the 1st law of thermodynamics, heat or energy is never destroyed only transferred. |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | heat never spontaneously flows from cold substance to a hot substance |
| 3rd law of thermodynamics | no system can reach absolute zero |
| entropy | in natural process, high quality energy tends to transform into lower quality energy. order trends to disorder ( energy is no longer controlled) |
| the specific heat capacity os any substance ? | is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a unit of mass of the substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| thermal expansion | when a substance is heated, the molecules move faster and move farther apart |
| what is the only substance that expands and becomes less dense as it freezes? | water |
| heat transfer | the movement of heat energy from one substance to another |
| the transfer of heat happens in 3 ways | conduction, convection, radiation |
| conduction | is the transfer of heat through direct contact |
| an example of a good conductor is | metals |
| insulators are | bad conductors of heat |
| an example of a insulator | wood |
| what is a very poor conductor of heat | air |
| convection | is cooling by expansion, it only happens in fluids (liquids and air) |
| radiation | electromagnetic waves |
| every object with temperature above absolute zero emits ? | radiant energy |
| condensation | the gas is attracted to the liquid where they attach to it and become part of the liquid. the result is the kinetic energy of the liquid increases and the temperature warms. |
| boiling | is a cooling effect |
| boiling point | when the vapor pressure inside the bubble is great enough to withstand the pressure of the liquid surrounding it and the atmospheric pressure above it |
| flow of energy and phases | energy absorbed to warm a solid and make it a liquid, energy is absorbed by liquid to make it a gas, energy is removed from gas to form a liquid, energy is removed from liquid to form a solid. |
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