1.
bond energy: the energy required to break bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound
2.
chemical bond: the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
3.
chemical formula: a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
4.
covalent bonding: a bond formed when atoms hare one or more pairs of electrons
5.
dipole: a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions
6.
ductility: the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out intoa wire
7.
electron-dot notation: an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of that particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element's symbol
8.
formula unit: the collection of atoms corresponding to an ionic compound's formula such that the molar mass of the compound is the same as the mass of 1 mol of formula units
9.
hybrid orbitals: orbitals that have the properties to explain the geometry of chemical bonds between atoms
10.
hybridization: the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals ot the same atom to produce new orbitals; hybridization represents the mixing of higher and lower energy orbitals to form orbitals of intermediate energy
11.
hydrogen bonding: the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule
12.
ionic bonding: a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion
13.
ionic compound: a compound composed of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction
14.
lattice energy: the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances
15.
lewis structure: a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds
16.
London dispersion forces: the intermolecular attraction resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons and the creation of temporary dipoles
17.
malleability: the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet
18.
matallic bonding: a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
19.
molecular compound: a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules
20.
molecular formula: a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of atoms
21.
molecule: the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together
22.
multiple bond: a bond in which the atoms share more than one pair of electrons, such as a double bond or a triple bond
23.
nonpolar-covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms
24.
polar: describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are seperated
25.
polar-covalent bond: a covalent bond in which a pair of electrons shared by two atoms is held more closely by one atom
26.
polyatomic ion: an ion made of two or more atoms
27.
resonance: the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single lewis structure
28.
single bond: a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons
29.
structural formula: a formula that indicates the location of the atoms groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule and that indicates the number and location of chemical bonds
30.
VSEPR theory: a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other