History Exam Two
Order by
78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Who Was Hugh Cepet? | lord of Paris during 987 - the nation was decentralized |
| What is the Estates General in relation to France? | France's parliament |
| What did Pope Gregory VII do? | in 1073 he was the most famous pope ever - gregorian reform |
| Gregorian reform? | to restore moral integrity and release of political control with the church |
| interduction | when a pope excommunicates an entire nation |
| The Crusades | order people of Europe to get a hold of the holy lands |
| Pope Urban II | 1095, the Pope that issued a plea that resulted in the First Crusade. |
| council of cleremont | 1095 meeting where Urban II talked to Christians to go fight in Crusades |
| what was penance ? | rewarded for traveling to holy lands and fighting |
| 1st crusade | 1099 - western europe and christian soldiers capture jerusalem |
| jihad | Holy war to defend holy land- christians vs. muslims |
| 2nd crusade | 1144 Saladin the great who destroys christian armys |
| 3rd crusade | 1187 - Involves THE FAMOUS PEOPLE and Royals England - Richard the Lionhearted (king henry II son) France - Phillip Augustus Germany area( not named Germany) - Fredrick Barborosa |
| 4TH CRUSADE | 1202 - childrens crusade - peter the hermit mades children fight - ends crusade |
| How long did Crusades Last? | 1095-1291 - at the end ... middle east still holds holy land |
| What was the effect of crusades? | trade import/export became important, weakened the lords, created italian city-states, and pope loosing prestige, and ENDS FEUDALISM |
| Renaissance | rebirth - focuses on ancient greek teachings and this is when they named the middles ages - 1350-1600 |
| What are Secular Pleasures? | this is what the renaissance emphasized on - non-religious pleasures where you could enjoy life outside of christianity |
| Secular Humanism | italian term which says you can separate religion from your everyday life |
| Why was Florence, Italy important during Renaissance? | center of it all during that time- aristocratic power - medici family from here |
| "Renaissance man" or Universal Man | similar to arete and greek humanism- this says that this person has all aspects of intelligence and is good at many different aspects in life- humanism |
| Who was Danetello? | brings nude back in art - not sacrilegious -birth of venus |
| Who was Michelangelo? | greatest sculpture - got caught in the pope vs. patrons fight |
| Who was Pope Julius II | forced Michelangelo to paint sistine chapel - famous church in vatican city- he paints the entire ceiling |
| Leonardo Da vinci | renaissance man - many talents- paints mona lisa - brings about nonreligious, used a mode, realistic, subtle, and research to do it he believed in perfection which made him the renaissance man |
| Who was lorenzo the magnificent | part of the medici family - leader in florence -patronage in art |
| who is niccolo machiavelli? | writes a book called "the prince"- instructions on how one should rule - most important thing is divorce politics from religion and remove popes from your life- INTRODUCES LIBERTY |
| Who was Erasmus? | traveling preacher that wants to spread christian humanism- dutch- writes praise of folly |
| What is the praise of folly? | written by Erasmus - people have direct connection with god |
| Who was Rabelais? | writes Gargantua and Pantegruel- we should be able to do what we want and still be christians |
| Who is thomas more? | wrote utopia which said elimination of private property |
| Who is Shakespeare? | famous writer- believed in humanism- plays today still follow form |
| Martin Luther | 148301546 - started a REFORMATION - he believes you don't need "good works" which means you don't need to be good 24/7 to get into heaven - you can do what you want and still get in |
| What are Indulgences? | martin luther says its buying your way into heaven which is corruption |
| Who was John Tetzel? | in 1517- selling indulgence |
| What is the 95 theses? | written by martin luther - this helps him receive political support - sent letter to church telling them he did not like what they did things -1520 he is EXCOMMUNICATED BY POPE |
| Who is Fredrick of Saxony? | he wants to protect martin luther- goes with ML to worms and protects him while he goes and sees pope to recant but ML will not say sorry |
| what are lutherans and protestants? | lutherans followed ML protestants PROTESTED POPE |
| who is Henry the VIII? | wants a son to rule so needs new women- needs divorce to old one but only pope can do that- pope wont @ time |
| church of England? | henry viii creates this in 1534 so he could make his own religion -didn't like pope |
| Who is Catherine of Aragon? | king henrys first wife who couldn't have a son - daughter of spanish leader in spain |
| who is Anne Boleyn? | this was the woman that henry wanted to marry but she wouldn't unless he gets divorce - he does but they only have daughter- Elizabeth the I |
| Queen Elizabeth the I | daughter of henry the VIII and Anne Boleyn |
| Who is Prince Henry the Navigator? | 1394-1460-from portugual - wants to go to indian for "god and gold" |
| what is the passage to India? | spice route to india by Marco Polo |
| Who is vasco de gama? | in 1498- finds route to india |
| who is Christopher Columbus? | spain hires him to sail west- 1492- discovers new world and finds gold |
| scientific revolution | new way of thinking with the geocentric theory that said earth is center of universe |
| who is Nicolas Copernicus? | helocentric theory that says earth revoles around a sun |
| Galilei Galileo | study science to become closer to god - invented a telescope to look into the universe - medieval science- asking questions = gods will |
| Isaac Newton | 3 universal laws-NEWTONS LAWS- gravity, universe is ordered which means they exist the same everywhere- |
| newtonian physics | universe cant change which is important to science |
| deists or deism | newton's discoveries caused a new era of religion called this- look at god like a clockmaker-universe is like a clock |
| science of man | deists say universal set of rules-pratcied by philosophers |
| the enlightenment | all the previous things with newton and other changes causes this and the deists are for this - new political theories |
| philosophes | philosophers that created encyclopedia -most important thing they did was bring about political science and also attempt to create perfect form of government |
| liberty | philosophes goal was liberty by practicing constant vigilance |
| tyranny | cruel and unjust use of power |
| thomas hobbes | pessimistic - believes people must be ruled and controlled |
| john locke | 3 rights: life, liberty, and property optimistic |
| montesquieu | calls for separation of powers: executive, judicial, and legislative |
| voltaire | rule by law |
| rousseau | direct democracy with a social contract |
| adam smith | inventor of capitalism - write wealth of nations - 1776 - based of external trade |
| seven years war | France and England - first war fought around world via colonies -england wins (1756-1763) |
| french and indian wars | french allied with indian to fight english- england wins |
| thomas jefferson | 3rd President of the United States and wrote the declaration of independence - asked in 1763 WHY british soldiers are still here when the wars are over? |
| american revolution | revolved around john locke ideas "you may have to revolt if not given freedom" - war for INDEPENDENCE and to break ties with england |
| 1st estate for france | clurgy- smallest- religious leaders (Catholic) - tax exempt if provide a FREE GIFT instead of taxes |
| 2nd estate for france | nobles, heirs, the french aristocracy- born into position- 2 BRANCHES nobles of the robe and nobles of the sword |
| nobles of the robe | purchased titles which means they have money |
| nobles of the sword | born into position more money- less taxes |
| third estate | included the bourgeoisie which is the middle class and the peasantry |
| bourgeoisie | the middle class which has money but no title |
| peasantry | most taxed in all of france |
| urban laborers | in paris - central place where everything happens and part of 3rd estate |
| estates general | july 1788 - REPRESENTATIVE from all 3 estates to vote on future of france aka on taxes- resembles a democracy |
| tennis court oath | they meet on June 20, 1789 -MEET AT TENNIS COURT THE 3RD ESTATE- creates national assembly for fair constitution, fair taxing, and fair rights |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.