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ecology the systematic study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environment. environment biotic (other organisms) and abiotic ( physical factors). biotic other organisms. abiotic physical factors. population group of individuals of the same species occupying a common geographical area community two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area Populations and communities include only biotic factors ecosystem a community plus its abiotic factors, e.g. soil, rain, temperatures, etc. biosphere the portion of the earth that contains living species. It includes the atmosphere, oceans, soils and the physical and biological cycles that affect them community two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. habitat the physical place where an organism lives niche the functional role of an organism in a community, its job or position. neutral two species that don't interact at all. commensalism beneficial to one species but neutral to another mutualism an interaction that is beneficial to both species parasitism an interaction that benefits one species and is detrimental to another. Note that the host is generally not killed. predation an interaction beneficial to one species and detrimental to another. In this case the prey is killed.