Unit 2: Population
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yanietsosa on September 28, 2012
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Define: Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
| We can understand how population is distributed by examining two basic properties-_______& _______. | concentration; density |
| 2/3 of the world's inhabitants are clustered in four regions. They are: | East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe |
| Define: Cartogram | Maps that depict the size of countries according to population rather than land area |
| The world's most populous country and the the 4th largest country is ______ | China |
| The second most populous country is _____ | India |
| The largest concentration in the west is in _______ and _________ | the US and Southeast Canada |
| 2% of the world's population is in ________ | West Africa |
| Define: Ecumene | the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Define: Arithmetic density | most frequently used by geographers; total number of objects in an area |
| Define: Physiological density | the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land |
| Which of the three types of densities provide a better measure of the relationship between a population and the availability of resources in a society? | Physiological |
| Define: Agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
| _____ have lower agricultural densities because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people | MDCs |
| Define: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | the total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society |
| Define: Crude Death Rate (CDR) | the total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | the percent by which a population grows in a year (CBR-CDR) |
| Define: Doubling time | the number of years needed to double a population |
| More than 95% of natural increase is in ____ | LDCs |
| Define: Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | measures the number of births in a society; the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
| Define: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births; also per 1000 births |
| ________ measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels | Life expectancy |
| Define: Demographic transition | process with several stages, and every country is in one of them |
| Stage 1 and 4 of the demographic transition is characterized by _______ | low growth |
| Stage 2 of the demographic transition is characterized by _______ | high growth;CDR plummets while CBR remains the same |
| Stage 3 of the demographic transition is characterized by______ | moderate growth; birth rate starts declining with death rates but CBR is still greater than the CDR |
| Stage 1 of the demographic has ____ birth and death rates while stage 4 has _____ birth and death rates | high;low |
| Define: Agricultural revolution | time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied completely on hunting and gathering |
| Countries entered stage 2 after 1750 because of the _______ | Industrial revolution |
| Define: Medical revolution | medical technology invented in Europe and North America diffused to LDCs |
| CBR declines in stage 3 because of changes in _______ | social customs |
| Define: Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | when CBR=CDR |
| The ZPG replacement level is ____ | 2.1 |
| Define: Stage 5 | higher death rates than birth rates and irreversible population decline |
| Population in a country is influenced by the demographic transition in two ways:_______ and __________ | the percentage of the population in each age group; the distribution of males and females |
| Define: Population pyramid | bar graph that displays a country's age and gender groups |
| The shape of the pyramid is determined by the _____ | CBR |
| Define: Dependency ratio | the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years (0-14,65+) |
| Define: Sex ratio | the number of males per hundred females |
| English economist ______________ was the first to argue that the world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies | Thomas Malthus |
| Thomas Malthus wrote ___________________ | "An Essay on the Principle of Population."(1798) |
| Emphasizing reliance on _________ and distribution of _________ has reduced birth rates | economic development; contraceptives |
| Define: Epidemiologic transition | focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
| Define: Epidemiology | the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality |
| Epidemiologic Transition stages 1 and 2 | infectious and parasitic diseases were principal causes of human death |
| Define: Black Plague | transmitted to humans by fleas from migrating infected rats |
| Define: Pandemic (stage 2) | disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population |
| Epidemiologic Transition stage 3 | the stage of degenerative and human created diseases. Characterized by a decrease in death from infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders |
| Epidemiologic Transition stage 4 | stage of delayed degenerative diseases |
| Epidemiologic Transition stage 5 | The stage of reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases through evolution, poverty, and improved travel |
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