ENV Science Chapter 4 & 5
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Husky's have a naturally thick coat while other dogs just adapt to colder weather. -The adaptation of sled dogs best describes adaptation at the _____ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder tempratures has ______. | Regional; Natural selection at the individual level |
| Evolution occurs as a result of | better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic |
| A physiological modification used to adapt to environmental conditions | Leaves Becoming thick and leathery on a plant growing in a dry hot climate |
| Natural selection will ultimately make a species | better adapted to its environment |
| Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than tall-headed dandelions because | short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often. |
| Tolerence limits are_____that limit a species' survival. | any environmental conditions |
| A species can withstand a high range of pH as an adult but the juveniles can only withstand a narrow range of pH. The abiotic factor, pH would best be described as a | Critical factor |
| Which fish species would be the best indicator of clean, well-oxygenated water? Carp, Largemouth Bass, Catfish, Rainbow Trout, or Sunfish? | Rainbow Trout |
| Habitat | the place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives |
| ecological niche | total way of life or role of a species in an ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and biological conditions that a species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystem. |
| Populations are most critically limited by | Available Food, Suitable shelter from the elements, available water, and suitable shelter from preditors depending on the system. |
| Indicator species, such as lichens, generally have a ______ tolerence range for a _______. | Narrow, Critical |
| endemic | native to or confined to a certain region |
| A species can withstand a narrow range of temperatures. Above 100 degrees F there are no species present. In the range from 97 to 100 and 90 to 94 there are a few species present. Below 90 Degrees F there are no species present. What would you lable the range of temperature from 90 to 94 Degrees F for this particular species? | Zone of physiological stress |
| What would you label the range of temperature from 95-96 degrees F for this particular species in the scenario? | Optimal Range |
| A generalist is a species that | Occupies a variety of ecological niches |
| Certain night active moths and day active birds are specialized nector feeders. How do these species coexist if they are using the same food resource? | They do not compete for the nectar because they feed at differ times of day. |
| Humans can best be described as? | Generalists |
| Resources partitioning leads species to | -Feed at different times -Utilize slightly different prey -Develop different physiological adaptations -Live in slightly different regions *All of these would be a result of resouce partitioning |
| Resource Partitioning tends to lead to high degree of _____ in a species. | specialization |
| Intraspecific competition is competiton among _____ for resources. | Members of a single species |
| Not common strategy for successful interspecific competition are | -Eating prey before they are "ready" (ripe) for other species -spreading seeds or offspring far and fast -Producing substances that are toxic to competitors -The life cycle of dragonflies (the larva live in the water) *These are all not common stratgies of for successful interspecific competition. |
| An especially effective strategy for reducing intraspecific competition is | Different ecological niches for juveniles and adults |
| Symbiosis means | A relationship in which both species benefit |
| In the partnership of a lichen, the fungus provides _______ and the relationship is best described as ____. | Structure and moisture-holding ability; mutualism |
| A keystone species is a species whose prescence | Influences the population size of many other species in its community. |
| In a commensal relationship | One species benefits while the other neither suffers nor benefits. |
| A biological community's productivity is a measure of | The amount of biomass produced in the community |
| "Abundance" describes the total number of _____ while "diversity" describes the number of _____. | Organisims in a community; species in a community |
| in a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be | small |
| As a rule, near the Earth's north and south poles | Abundance is high and diversity is low |
| Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of | Species at eac trophic level |
| A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores and only one carnivore, has | Little complexity |
| A community that changes very little over time is said to have great | Constancy |
| In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging. Trees at the edge of the clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the logging began. What is the best explanation for the death of the trees? | Abiotic edge effects, such as increased herbivory, negatively affected the trees. |
| A "closed community" has a | Narrow ecotones |
| A climax community is on that | Is relatively stable and long lasting |
| Primary sucession occurs when a community develops _____ while secondary succession occurs when one _____. | On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another |
| As ecological developments proceeds, a bilogical community | becomes more diverse |
| The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they | Disrupt pre-existing niches |
| Migrations is likely to cause the extinction of a native species when? | The introduction of a predator onto an island originally free from predators |
| A biome is described by | Broadly similar environmental conditions |
| Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on | Percipitation & Temperature |
| Cloud forests are found in _____ areas in tropical regions. | cool mountainous |
| a biome absent from north America is the | tropical rainforest |
| Examples of specializations that plants in the desert may have are | -Storing water in their stems and roots -reducing water loss with thick epidermal layers -salt tolerence |
| Tropical seasonal forests are specially adapted to tolerate | annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain |
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