Psychology Chapter 1
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hannah_3636 on September 29, 2012
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What is Psychology Essentials
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 William Wendt | Set up first psychology lab in 1879 - Leipzig, Germany, he is known as the father of psychology |
| Structuralism | an early psychological perspective concerned with identifying the basic elements of experience |
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| quasi-experiment | a research study that is not a true experiment because participants are not randomly assigned to the different conditions |
| random assignment | participants have an equal chance of being placed in any condition of the study |
| sample | the portion of the population of interest that is selected for the study. |
| scientific method | a systematic process used by psychologists for testing hypothesis about behavior |
| theory | an explanation of why and how a behavior occurs |
| hypothesis | an educated guess |
| behavioral perspective | focuses on external, environmental causes of behavior |
| behaviorism | a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and responses |
| biological perspective | focuses on physical causes or behavior |
| causal hypothesis | an educated guess about how one variable will influence another variable |
| case study | an in-depth observation of one person |
| cognitive perspective | focuses on how mental processes influence behavior |
| cognitive psychology | the study of mental processes such as reasoning and problem solving |
| confidentiality | researchers do not reveal with data were collected from which participants |
| confounding variable | any factor other than the independent variable that affects the dependent variable |
| correlation | the relationship between two or more variables |
| debriefing | after an experiment, participants are fully informed of the nature of the study |
| dependent variable | the variable in an experiment that measures any effect of the manipulation |
| eclectic approach | an approach to explaining behavior that integrates an combines several perspectives |
| evolutionary perspective | focuses on how evolution and natural selection cause behaviors |
| experiment | a research method that is used to test causal hypothesis |
| functionalism | an early psychological perspective concerned with how behavior helps people adapt to their environment |
| generalizability | how well a researcher's findings apply to other individuals and situations |
| humanism | a psychological perspective that emphasizes the personal growth and potential of humans |
| humanistic perspective | focuses on how an individual's view of him or herself and the world influences behavior |
| independent variable | the variable in an experiment that is manipulated |
| informed consent | research participants agree to participate after being told about aspects of the study |
| institutional Review Board | a committee that reviews research proposals to ensure that ethical standards have been met |
| introspection | observing one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations |
| naturalistic observation | observing behavior in the environment in which the behavior typically occurs |
| negative correlation | a relationship in which increases on one variable correspond to a decrease in a second variable |
| population of interest | the entire universe of animals and people that could be studied |
| positive correlation | a relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to increase in a second variable |
| prediction | an expected outcome of how variables will relate |
| predictive hypothesis | an educated guess about the relationships among variables |
| psychoanalytic perspective | focuses on internal unconscious desires and conflicts on behavior |
| psycho-dynamic perspective | focuses on internal unconscious mental processes, motives and desires that may explain behavior |
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