70 terms

Terms	Definitions
Chemical Compound	2 or more different types of atoms joined in a specific ratio.
Chemical Bond	force that holds 2 atoms together due to interaction of electrons.
NA+ and CL- are attracted to each other because of their	opposite charges
Covalent Bonds	electrons are "shared" between atoms.
Nonpolar covalent	atoms in compund that equally share because of same electronegativity, neither atom is stronger.
Polar Covalent	atoms in the compund that share their electrons unequally because one has greater electronegativity, one atom is stronger.
Solution	liquid dissolving a solid
Solute	the solid gets dissolved
Solvent	the liquid that dissolves the solid
Cohesion	water attracted to other water molecules
Surface tension	Water molecules at suface attracted to eachother
Adhesion	water attracted to other charged molecules
Capillary Action	water moves up a tube because of its attraction to the charged molecules inside the tube and cohesion
Adhesion in plants	Roots, Stems, leaves
High specific (Heat Capacity)	amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree.
OH-	hydroxide ion
H+	Hydrogen ion
acidity	pH scale from 0-7, H+
alkalinity	pH scale from 7-14, OH-
Buffers	chemicals making the pH stable
Most common elements found in humans	O, C, H, N (Oxygen, Carbon, Hyrogen, and Nitrogen)
Organic Chemistry	study of carbon compunds
Carbon has _ valence electrons	4
Macromolecules	large molcules made of repeating subunits.
Monomers	small units that make up a polymer
polymer	another name for macromolecules, monomers put together
Polymerization	When monomers make up a Polymer
Condensation (dehydration) synthesis	links monomers
Hydrolysis	disassembles polymers
4 goups of macromolecules found in living things	carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Not food: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids	Nucleic Acids
Cabohydrate elements and ratio	C : H : O :: 1 : 2 : 1
Polysaccharides	polymers of carbs
Lipids elements	C, H, O
Hydrophilic	polar, dissolves easily in water
Hydrophoic	nonpolar, don't dissolve in water
Types of lipids	fats, oils, waxes, steroids.
Nucleic Acids elements	C, H, O, P, N
3 parts of a nucleotide	pentose ( 5-C sugar), nitrogenous base ("N" base), posphate froup (PO4-)
Nucleic Acids importance to living things	store and transmit genetic info
Two types of nucleic acids	RNA, DNA
Proteins elements	C, H, O, N
Proteins monomers	amino acids
Protein 2 functional groups	amino group (-NH2), carboxyl group (-COOH)
"R"	Carbon Chain
Peptide	bonds between amino acids.
ImportLivThing: Enzymes	gets reactions started
ImportLivThing: Hormones	carry messages throughout body
ImportLivThing: Structural	form bones, feathers, muscles, etc.
ImportLivThing: Transport	Molecules into & out of cells
ImportLivThing: Immunity	fight infections
ImportLivThing: Energy	Store or Release
Level of organization of a protein	correct amiino acids sequence, fold/twist, more folding/twisting, join with other amino acids chains
Biomolecules: Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)	monosccharide
Biomolecules: Lipid	glyceral/ 3 fatty acids
Biomolecules: Protein	Amino Acids
Biomolecules: Nucleic Acid	Nucleotide
Chemcial reactions	changing one molecule
Reactant	the chemicals that react/start the reaction
Products	the chemicals that result fromthe reaction
Energy is always	Abosrobed or released
Released energy	spontaneously
Absorbed energy	Nonspontaneously
Energy is needed to get reaction started*	Energy is need to get reaction started
Activation Energy	the energy needed to get a reaction going, common source: heat
Enzymes	special type of protein
Bioloical Catalysts	increases reaction rate
Lock and Key	Enzymes and Substrates, Lactase and Lactose
dehydration synthesis	monomer +monomer = polymer + water
hydrolysis	polymer + water = monomer + monomer

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