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monotheism The belief in a single and all powerful god. Polytheism The belief in many gods that hold power over different aspects of nature. Christianity A monotheistic faith that believes Jesus was the son of God. Judaism A monotheistic faith that believes God delivered a series of commandments to the Prophet Moses. Islam the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran Hinduism A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms Buddhism a religion that was started by Siddhartha Gautama who is also known as Buddha whose purpose was to stop suffering Eightfold Path In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering Moksha in Hinduism, it is seen as the liberation of the soul from the body Vishnu Vishnu is a Hindu god who, in the trinity of gods, is the Preserver Caste System A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life Upanishads commentaries on the Vedas that are considered sacred texts in the Hindu religion Brahman in Hinduism he was the universal soul, and in the trinity of gods in Hinduism he was the Creator Karma good or bad deeds Siddartha Guatama founder of Buddhism Enlightenment in Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe Nirvana the lasting peace that Buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires Reincarnation a second or new birth Buddha one who has achieved a state of perfect enlightenment Torah "the law" of the Jewish faith; first five books of the Hebrew Bible First Covenant The promise made between the Prophet Abraham and God. Second Covenant The promise made between the Prophet Moses and God. Abraham Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command. Moses Prophet and lawgiver who, according to the Torah, led the Israelites out of Eqyptian captivity 10 Commandments the laws of the jewish people The Promised Land land believed to have been given to Abraham by God as part of their covenant Hebrews First group to believe in one god only = monotheism Jesus Religious leader and founder of Christianity Bible the sacred writings of the Christian religions Gospels four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings Constantine Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians Paul Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world Messiah savior, incarnation of God Arabia a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf Mecca the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace Medina the second holiest city; where Muhammad lived after fleeing Mecca Muhammad founder of islam; messenger of Allah The Five Pillars Shahada (profession of faith), Salat (ritual prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). Caliph A Muslim ruler Shar'ia Islamic Law