ARH 3130 First Exam
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absolute chronology | a fixed date; will yield dated in years BC and is preferred dating |
| Relative chronology | earlier and later than something else; achieved by examining the stratification of a site establishes that certain artefacts were made earlier |
| Numismatic evidence | datable coins in a context provide a date for the context |
| Carbon 14 dating | Process of estimating age of once living material by measuring the amount of radioactive isotope of carbon present in material |
| Dendrochronology | the measuring of tree rings to determine a date (one ring per year) |
| Thermoluminescence | for dating ceramics (not very accurate) for dating ceramics (not very accurate) After a pot is fired, energy absorbed from radiation in the environment causes electrons to be trapped in the fabric of the pot. Later heating releases the trapped electrons, which produces light. Measurement of the intensity of the light emission can be used to determine how much time has passed since pot was fired. The older an object is the more light it emits |
| Stratigraphy | The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological time scale |
| Typology | a developemental sequence (ex- Coke bottle design sequence) |
| Cross-dating | use of datable Egyptian or Near Eastern objects in Greek contexts can date the Greek contexts or objects |
| Megaron | a type of long house with a porch, a long hall, and a storage room of either apsidal or rectangular plan; common at Troy, they appear in Greece by c. 2000 BC. IN the LB period, they are characterized on the mainland of Greece by a columned porch, a vestibule, and a main room with a large hearth; on Crete, by pier-and-door construction |
| Tholos tomb | a circular building; a built tomb of the Bronze Age, circular in plan |
| Obsidian | volcanic glass |
| Sauceboat | a pottery pouring vessel-some claim it could be for drinking |
| Faience | a quartz-based ceramic-like substance with a shiny, glasslike glaze |
| Relieving triangle | a triangular space left in the masonry above the lintel of a door to relieve the lintel of some of the weight |
| Cyclopean masonry | of the Cyclopes, mythical primitive giants; an adjective applied to the huge, irregular masonry fortifications of the Bronze Age |
| Plan of Myrtos | EM II; a community of farmers and artisans; tiny streets connect different parts of the village |
| Vasilike ware cup and jug | EM II; the mottled effect could've been created in two different ways; the design represents freedom in the society |
| Cycladic harpist | Cyclades; a marble figurine of a harpist sitting in a chair; EC II the figure shows what instruments were present during this era; the harp is missing strings |
| Folded Arm figurine | Cyclades; a simple figurine with arms folded across the waist; few detail, nose but no facial detail, triangle for female genitalia; EC II; they are found mostly in graves; there is a wide variety of these figurines that have been discovered |
| Clycladic frying Pan | Cyclades; in terracotta, looks like a hot-air balloon, has triangular and circular whirling detail, two prongs at the bottom EC II (2500-2200 BC); the illustration shows an oared ship; terracotta pans have been interpreted as fertility charms |
| Plan of Lerna (House of the Tiles) | Greece; more advanced than plan of Myrtos, includes a House of the Tiles; EH II (c. 2500-2200 BC); the walls in the plans were stuccoed; the four access points and rooms give a degree of symmetry |
| Gold Funeral Mask | LH I from Mycenae; the dead were buried with these masks; attempts at portraiture (shown by each mask's individuality) |
| Sauceboat (piece) | Greece; EH II a type of pouring vessel; some claim it couldve been used for drinking; beak-spouted jugs and saucers were in vogue |
| House of the Tiles | EH II a reconstruction drawing; looks like a two story house with a porch; use of the House is unknown; may have served as a community warehouse; large central buildings were not common in EH Greece |
| Palace Style Amphora | LM II; Knossos; three handles; more stiffened design with motionless plants |
| Marine Style Pilgrim Flask | LM IB from Palaikastro; the octopus is placed at a diagonal axis with withing tentacles; gives a sense of movement; shows the influence of the Greek style |
| Harvester Vase | LM I; Aghia Triadha; black with white fracture lines; show some of the figures making music; one is shaking a sistrum; made in the shape of an ostrich egg; 27 figures in all |
| Ivory Statuette from Palaikastro | LM I constructed from gold and ivory; the usually large size of the figure suggests it was a cult image |
| Toreador Fresco | LM I; from Knossos; 3 figures from bull sports; 2 of the figures are thought to be women or in different social classes because of each's different color association; one is grabbing the horns in preparation; another is somersaulting over the back; the third is in mid-vault |
| Snake Goddess | Knossos; MM III faience; woman standing bare-chested holding a snake in each arm, long skirt and heavy belt= common dress; one arm was reconstructed; shows links with earlier eastern figures |
| Kamares Ware Jug | Phaisots; MM II beak spouted jug; illustrates the variety in MM pottery; this type of pottery was considered "high art" during its time |
| Vaslike Ware Cup and Jug | Crete EM II the mottle effect couldve been created in two different ways; the design represents freedom in society |
| Plan of Myrtos | EM II (2500-2200 BC) a community of farmers and artisans; tiny streets connect different parts of the village |
| Landscape with Swallows | LB I from Thera; a colorful Fresco; shows Minoan culture at its height; the walls celebrate nature |
| Walls of Troy VI | beginning of MB-LB a photograph of the walls and Schliemann's excavations U of Cincinnati conducted excavations in the 1930s A fortification wall was built and constantly under repair |
| Troy I & II | EB I; EB II fortified from its beginning with huge stonebuilt walls; inside inhabitants lived in dwellings rectangular in plan with a porch; shows the difference in size btw Troy I & II |
| Grave Circle A | 1650-1450 BC from Mycenae; enclosed 6 shaft graves; the grave are surrounded by a double ring of limestone blocks |
| Palace of Khossos | LM crete Plans- west was the most pleasing court of arrival furnished with altars for sacrifice "throne room" - not built to impress; room may have been associated with initiation rites; may have been a shrine basement storerooms- storeroom: magazine; olive oil and grain storage; may represent tax payments |
| Warrior Vase | LH IIIB-C from Mycenae; may be showing an exodus of of soldiers; shows the women used to bid the soldiers farewell |
| Megaron at Pylos | 13th Century BC reconstruction of the hall of the megaron showing the columns, hearth, and throne; Court interactions are being depicted; |
| Lion Gate | Mycenae 1250 BC |
| House of the Tiles | Greece EH II (2500-2200 BC) |
| Treasury of Atreus | LH IIIB Mycenae |
| Female Head | LH IIIB from Mycenae |
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