APES Ch 9
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Created by:
eparkinson1 on November 18, 2009
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 background extinction | continuous, low-level extinction of species |
| extinction rate | percentage or number of species that go extinct within a certain time period |
| mass extinction | the extinction of many species during a relatively brief period of time |
| local extinction | a species is no longer found in an area it once inhabited but is still found elsewhere |
| ecological extinction | so few members of a species remain that it can no longer play its ecological role |
| biological extinction | a species is no longer found anywhere in the world |
| endangered species | has so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct |
| threatened species | still abundant in its natural range but is likely to become endangered in the near future |
| IUCN | International Union for the Conservation of Nature; a coalition of the world's leading conservation groups |
| instrumental value | a species' usefulness to us in providing many of the ecological and economic services that make up the earth's natural capital |
| genetic information | allows a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions through evolution |
| existence value | every species has the right to exist |
| aesthetic value | beauty, pleasing to the eye |
| bequest value | people will pay to protect some forms of natural capital for use by future generations |
| biophilia vs biophobia | love of life vs fear of wildlife |
| HIPPCO | major explanations/causes of extinctions- habitat destruction, invasive species, population growth, pollution, climate change, over-exploitation |
| endemic species | especially vulnerable, only found in one place |
| habitat island | any habitat surrounded by another one |
| habitat fragmentation | occurs when a habitat is reduced in an area and divided into smaller, more scattered, isolated patches |
| Kudzu vine | invasive species, imported from Japan in the '30s, planted in the SW US, very prolific and engulfs everything in its path |
| characteristics of successful invader species | high reproductive rate, pioneer species, long lived, high dispersal rate, generalists, high genetic variability |
| characteristics of ecosystems vulnerable to invader species | climate similar to habitat of the invader, absence of predators on invading species, early successional systems, low diversity of native species, absence of fire, disturbed by human activities |
| poaching | endangers many large animals and exotic plants |
| bush meat | a source of food for indigenous people of West and Central Africa |
| CITES | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; signed by 172 countries, bans the hunting, capturing, and selling of threatened or endangered species |
| CDB | Convention on Biological Diversity; legally commits participating governments to reversing the global decline of biodiversity and to equitably sharing the benefits of the world's resources |
| US. Endangered Species Act | designed to identify and protect endangered species in the US and abroad |
| National Marine Fisheries Service | responsible for identifying and listing endangered ocean species |
| USFWS | Us Fish and WIldlife Services; identifies and lists all other endangered and threatened species |
| National Wildlife refuge system | includes 547 refuges, safe areas for endangered species |
| gene/seed banks | preserve genetic info and endangered plant species by storing their seeds in refrigerated, low-humidity environments |
| botanical gardens/arbortea | contain living plants representing almost 1/3 of the world's known plant speices |
| egg pulling | collecting wild eggs laid by critically endangered birds and then hatching them in zoos or research centers |
| captive breeding | some or all of the individuals of a critically endangered species are captured for breeding in captivity |
| California Condor | north america's largest bird, only 22 remained in the wild and 135 have since been released back into the wild |
| precautionary principle | when substantial preliminary evidence indicates that an activity can harm human health or the environment, we should take precautionary measures to prevent such harm |
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