Gross: Anatomy of the Heart
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 thoracic duct found in/starts as | posterior mediastinum. emerges at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins starts in abdomen posterior to liver as a dilation called cisterna chyli |
| thoracic ducts drains all lymph from | pelvis, abdomen, left side of chest/head/neck |
| visercal pleura is | directly on top of lungs vs parietal |
| parietal pleura over you the apex is the | copular of the thoracic cavity |
| endothoracic fascia is attached | to first fib and transerve process of C7 |
| esophagus is innervated by | vagus |
| parietal pleura is innervated by | somatic nerves |
| diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by | phrenic nerve (motor to diaphram) |
| costal pleura is innervated by | costal nerves |
| mediastinal pleura is innervated by | phrenic nerve- sensory, pain fibers |
| blood supply to parietal pleura from | internal thoracic or intercostal arteries |
| visceral pleura blood supply | bronchial arteries *no pain fibers/not supplied bu intercostals |
| bare area of the heart | costo-mediastinal recess, left side only when you take a deep breath the ling will expand across the front |
| trachea location | T5-6 hyaline cartilage C shaped rings carina- ridge at dividing point |
| trachea is innervated by | vagus nerve |
| bronchus description | right- larger, wider, more vertical left- longer, comes out steeper angle |
| little kid swallows a toy it will end up | right bronchus |
| bronchial veins drain into | azygous veins |
| bronchial arteries | branch off aorta |
| recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under | the aorta on the left and the subclavian on the right |
| lungs are attached to heart and trachea by | root- double fold of medastinal pleura contains bronchus, pulmonary artery and vein, autonomic nerve fibers, lymphatic tissue |
| area with vessels, nerve and root enter lungs | hilum |
| bronchopulmonary segments | third order of division in bronchial tree largest segment within the lung 10 in each lung |
| diffusion at bronchial tree occurs at | alveolar membrane |
| pulmonary arteries accompany | bronchi pulmonary veins are intersegmental |
| pulmonary arteries carry | deoxygenated blood are elastic vessels |
| pulmonary veins carry | oxygenated blood. no valves 4 veins enter heart, 2 on each side |
| disease of outer lining of heart | pericardial disease |
| valvular disease | 4 valves effected by disease/ narrow or become incompetent |
| cardiomyopathy | heart muscle is damaged, can come from heart attack, autoimmune, infection, virus |
| cornoary artery disease | disease of arteries that supply the heart |
| pericardium layers | 1 fibrous 2 serous |
| fibrous layer fuses with | central tendon of diaphragm and lining of great vessels - is entirely parietal (outside covering) perforated inferiorly by inferior vena cava |
| serous pericardium forms | between pericardial cavity between firous and visceral serious |
| pericardial effusion | where fluid can accumulate due to infect or congestive heart failure |
| acute rapid accumulation when heart can not expand after contraction to take blood in | cardiac tamponade |
| serious pericardium is innervated by | phrenic nerve *visceral serous has no pain fibers |
| serious pericardium blood supply | internal thoracic and coronary arteries |
| heart general description/flow of blood | 4 chambers right side receives deoxygenated blood from body through superior and inferior vena cava. empty into right atrium, squeezes blood into right ventricle which pumps blood to pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated) then blood is returned to heart through pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the let ventricle then out the aorta |
| apex of lung is formed by | left ventricle |
| sternocostal surface is | right ventricle |
| area between left and right ventricles is | interventricular spetum |
| atrium job is to | prime the ventricles |
| wall of right ventricle is | thinner because it pumps blood closer |
| systolic pressure is higher in the | left ventricle |
| right atrium is found | between superior and inferior vena cava |
| coronary sinus | chief source of venous return from blood that goes out coronary arteries to heart. opens in right atrium |
| rough section on anterior wall of heart | pectinate muscles with surface projections and a blind sac called the auricle |
| separates rough and smooth sections of heart | crista terminals |
| opening between left and right atrium embriologically | fossa ovalis- when it closes at birth it is formane ovalis |
| sinoatrial SA node | generates electrical impulses for depolarization, superior, near SVC |
| smooth outflow section of right ventricle | conus arteriosus |
| papillary muscles | attach to cusps of the valves between the atria and the ventricle |
| valve located between pulmonary artery and right ventricle and aorta and left ventricle | semilunar valves |
| AV valves | located between atria and ventricles |
| thin fibrous bands attached to papillary muscles | corda teninae |
| surface projections of cardia muscle | septomarginal trabecular |
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