A & P 2
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 dental caries | another name for tooth decay |
| Ingestion | the taking of food by the body |
| Alimentary Canal | another name for the gastrointestinal tract |
| Uvula | hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate & is cone shaped muscular structure. |
| The tongue | with its associated muscles form the floor of the oral cavity. |
| Saliva | is 99-99.5% water, which provides a medium for dissolving food. |
| 20 deciduous teeth | teeth from infants between the ages of 6 month to 2 years. |
| Esophagus | is for the transportation of food to the stomache. |
| Zymogenic | The cheif cells, within the mucosa of the stomach secretes the principal gastric enzyme pepsinogen. |
| The main chemical activity of the stomach | is to begin the digestion of proteins with the enzyme pepsin. |
| Islet of Langerhans | the beta cells, in the pancreas secrete the hormone insulin |
| Kupffer's cells | of the liver phagocytose certain bacteria & old, worn out white & red blood cells. |
| Liver | the largest organ of the digestive system. |
| Mumps | are caused by a vireal infection |
| rugae | the folds of the mucosa on the internal surface of the stomach |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection, or by excessive alcohol consumption. |
| cirrhosis | a long-term degenerative disease of the liver in which the lobes are covered with fibrous connective tissue. |
| appendicitis | an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, caused by an obstruction. |
| crohn's disease | A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin with symptoms of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, weakness, anorexia, & weight loss is known as: |
| bolus | a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed. |
| small intestine | approximately 80% of all absorption of nutrients occurs here. |
| plicae | the folds of the mucosa of the small intestine, which increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients, are called: |
| Helicobacter Pylori | a bacterium associated with the development of stomach or peptic ulcers. |
| crown | the portion of the tooth above the level of the gums that is covered with enamel. |
| hiatal hernia | a condition caused by the protrusion of the stomach through the opening in the diaphtagm is known as: |
| gallbladder | the pear shaped sac about 3-4" long that stores & concentrates bile until it is needed in the small intestines. |
| peristalsis | the physical movement of pushing food along the digestive tract in a wave like movements is known as. |
| chyme | the digested, viscous, semi-fluid contents of the small intestines are known as: |
| diverticulosis | the presence of pouch-like herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, particulary the sigmoid colon is called: |
| degultition | the term used for swallowing is: |
| enamel | the dentin of the tooth is covered by the hardest substance in the body, which is: |
| mastication | the term for chewing |
| pharynx | an anatomical structure that is part of both the digestive & respiratory systems is the: |
| digestion | the breakdown of food by both mechinical & chemical mechanisms is known as: |
| defacation | the elimination from the body of indigestible substances that cannot be absorbed is known as: |
| glycogen | Excess glucose & other monosaccharides can be stored in the liver as animal starch, which is called: |
| liver | the organ that produces bile salts that break down fats is the: |
| colorrctal cancer | cancer of the large intestine& rectum is known as: |
| hemorrhoids | a condition of inflammation & enlargement of the rectal veins. |
| diarrhea | when the mucosa of the colon is unable to maintain its usual levels of water absorption & secretes larger than normal amounts of water, ions, & mucus in the feces, the condition is known as: |
| dehydration | the excessive loss of water caused by diarrhea can lead to a serious condition known as: |
| laryngopharynx | the pharynx is divided into three portions, the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the _________________. |
| buccal cavity | the mouth or oral cavity can also be called: |
| papillae | the projections on the tongue that produce its rough surface are known as: |
| hard palate | the anterior part of the roof of the mouth is called: |
| carbohydrates | salivary amylase breaks down the following: |
| Absorption | is the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular & lymphatic systems for distribution to the bodies cells. |
| Peristalsis | is the physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract. |
| digestion | the break down of food by both mechanical & chemical mechanisms is called: |
| Defecation | the elimination from the body of indigestible substances that cnnot be absorbed is known as: |
| Mastication: | another name for chewing. |
| deglutition | another name for swallowing. |
| Rugae | the folds of the mucosa on the internal surface of the stomach. |
| chyme | the digested, viscous, semi-fluid contents of the intestine are called: |
| bowel | another name for the large intestine. |
| Amylase | is a slivary enzyme that initiates the breakdown of complex carbohydrates like starch & glycogen into simple sugars. |
| gingivae | another name for gums |
| Plicae | are the folds of the mucosa of the small intestine, which increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. |
| Antrum | is the narrow inferior region of the stomach that connects with duodenum of teh small intestine. |
| Fundus | is the rounded uppermost portion of the stomach. |
| Pylorus | the antrum of the stomach is also known as this: |
| duodenum | the first part of the small intestine, into which the stomach smpties all of its contents, is this: |
| Falciform Ligament | the liver lobes are seperated from each other by this: |
| common bile duct | bile enters the duodenum through this: |
| brush border | another name for the microvilli of teh small intestine is this: |
| zymogenic cells | pepsinogen |
| pancreatic inlets | secretes hormones |
| heparin | anticoagulant |
| crypts of Lieberkuhn | intestinal glands |
| parietal cells | hydrochloric acid |
| Brunner's glands | neutralizes acid in chyme |
| lacteals | absorbs fats |
| Kupffer's cells | phagocytosis |
| acini | pancreatic juice |
| insulin | regulates blood sugar levels |
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