1st Semester Science Exam
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Created by:
MADlion924 on January 9, 2008
Description:
for mrs. campbells exam
Classes:
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 seismic waves | natural occurances that geologists observe Earth's interior through |
| crust, mantle, outer core, inner core | the order of earths layers from outermost to innermost is: |
| solid metal | earth's inner core is.... |
| Pangea | a supercontinent; former combination of all the continents into one |
| sound waves | what scientists used to map the ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridge | caused by seafloor spreading; where molten material rises to the surface of the ocean floor and erupts |
| subduction | the process by which the ocean floor sinks bneath a deep-ocean trench and back in the mantle |
| theory of plate tectonics | geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion |
| transform bounday | where two plates slip past each other |
| rift valley | forms where two plates pull apart or diverge |
| hot rock | earth's mantle is a layer of |
| asthenosphere | convection currents flow in the |
| mountain ranges | continental lithosphere at a converging boundary forms |
| fossil | any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved |
| convergent | boundary where rocks come together |
| graduated cylinder | tool liquid volume is measured in |
| estimate | whenever you make a careful guess |
| weight | the amount of force gravity exerts on an object |
| kilogram | the basic SI unit of mass |
| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions |
| focus | point beneath earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake |
| primary waves | type of seismic waves that move the quickest |
| secondary waves | type of seismic waves that move the 2nd quickest |
| surface waves | seismis waves that move the slowest |
| seismograph | scientific device that records seismic waves and magnitude of earthquakes |
| tsunami | giant waves cause by an earthquake under the ocean |
| base-isolated building | building designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake |
| drop cover and hold | best way to protect yourself in an earthquake |
| primary waves | type of earthquake waves that can travel through liquids and solids |
| 3 beam balance | device used to measure mass |
| hypothesis | a prediction about a problem that can be tested |
| variable | factor being measured in an experiment |
| state the problem | the first step in designing an experiment |
| conclude | last step in conducting an experiment |
| infer | to draw a conclusion based on something you observe |
| relative dating | determining the order of events and the relative age of rocks by examining the position of rocks in a sequence |
| unconformities | gaps in rock layers |
| fossils and rocks | geologic time is broken into units based on |
| eon | the longest subdivision in geologic time |
| humans, mammals, reptiles, birds | forms of life in the Cenozoic Era |
| blue-green algae, bacteria, cyanobacteria | Precambrian life forms |
| environment | trilobite adaptations are contributed to a changing.... |
| mass extinction | what marked the end of the Paleozoic Era |
| lithosphere | the crust and upper mantle |
| asthenosphere | plates on the lithosphere float on the... |
| plate boundaries | where the results of plate movement can be seen |
| Himalayas | mountains formed by the Indo-Australian Plate colliding with the Eurasian plate |
| theory of continental drift | hypothesis that the plates have drifted to their current postitions |
| divergent boundary | where two plates move away from each other |
| magnetic fields | the alignment of iron minerals in rock show that earth's what has reversed over time |
| Glomar Challenger | ship that collected information about the rocks on the seafloor through samples |
| 200 million years | time when it is believed that Pangea broke apart |
| glossopteris | fossil plant that helps support the theory of continental drift |
| convection currents | forces inside the earth that drive plate motion |
| divergent | type of boundary of the Great Rift Valley in Africa |
| San Andres Fault | example of a transform boundary in California |
| suduction zone | forms where two oceanic plates collide |
| compression | force that squeezes rocks together |
| tension | force that pulls rocks apart |
| shearing | force that causes plates to move sideways past each other |
| normal | faults caused by tension |
| reverse | faults caused by compression |
| strike-slip | faults caused by shearing |
| normal | fault where the hanging wall moves downward |
| reverse | fault where the hanging wall moves upward |
| strike-slip | rocks on sides of fault move past each other |
| surface waves | most destructive waves |
| primary waves | waves that reach a seismograph first |
| three | number of seismographs needed to locate an earthquakes epicenter |
| focus | point in the earth where the the enery release of an earthquake occurs |
| secondary waves | what waves stop when they hit the liquid outer core |
| mantle | the astenosphere is a part of this layer |
| inner core | layer with the most pressure |
| oceanic | type of crust that is denser |
| lithosphere | made up of the upper mantle and crust |
| outer core | hot molten metal that the inner core spins inside |
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