Anatomy The Heart
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Blood | cellular and noncellular components gases, nutrients, waste immunitiy and wound healing bone marrow for blood cell production |
| blood vessels | distribution network, pipeline |
| Heart | muscular pump in thorax moves blood to lungs and when it returns sends blood to rest of the body |
| Heart Position | lies in mediastinum: mid-thorax, between lungs, behind sternum lies anterior to trachea and esophagus |
| Pericardium | Double walled sac enclosing heart and great vessels Functions: supports heart and prevents the heart, yet, allows it to freely contract |
| Parietal pericardium | lines the wall of the pericardial cavity. has outer tough fibrous layer and inner smooth serous layer |
| Visceral pericardium | epicardium outer surface layer of the heart has smooth serous layer |
| Pericardial | space between parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium contains fluid lubricates the heart making it easier to move within the cavity while it beats helps prevent the heart from overfilling |
| pericarditis | inflammation of pericardium causing substernal pain and fluid build up in sac not elastic so if fluid is built up it will not expand |
| layers of heart wall | endocardium myocardium epicardium |
| Endocardium | endothelium and underlying connective tissue |
| Myocardium | muscle arranged in 3 sprialing layers so when heart contracts it works as if it is wringing itself out. high blood pressure can cause- hypertrophy |
| Epicardium | visceral pericardium layer |
| Fibrous (cardiac) Skeleton | connective tissue in the heart surrounding muscle cells that support the muscle. It is continuous with walls of the aorta and pulmonary artery. separates the two atria from the two ventricles |
| functions of the cardiac skeleton | 1. support for blood vessels 2. strengthen wall and prevent overfilling 3. serves as an orgin and insertion for the myocardium 4. electrically insulate atria from ventricles 5. anchor valves 6. prevent valves from expanding during heart contraction |
| Apex | blunt end is formed by the LV pointing inferior-laterally located posterior to left 5th intercostal space |
| Atria | recieving chambers that pump blood into ventricles |
| ventricles | discharging chambers |
| interatrial septum | wall separating RA and LA |
| interventricular septum | wall separating RV and LV |
| contraction of heart chamber | systole |
| relaxation of heart chamber | diastole |
| Right Atrium | -recieves deoxygenated and CO2 enriched blood from superior and inferior vena cavas and coronary sinus -pumps into right ventricle -internal wall is smooth and rough part made of small muscular ridges -separated from left atrium by a think interatrial septum |
| Right auricle | conical muscular pouch projecting out from RA contracts with the RA |
| Right Ventricle | -pumps blood out to the lungs -has a cone-like or funnel shaped smooth part that leads to pulmonary artery -rest of RV has rough muscular ridges called trabeculae carnae |
| Left Atrium | -recieves newly oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the LV -four pulmonary veins enter posterior wall -has smooth part and rough part made of muscular ridges like RA |
| Left Ventricle | -forms apex of heart -pumps oxygenated blood to body -performs more work than RV so walls are 2-3x's thicker than RV -biscuspid and mitral valves attached |
| Tricuspid | -anterior, posterior, septal leaflets (cusps) -valves attached to fibrous ring (part of the cardiac skeleton) -surrounding right atrioventricular opening located between RA and RV |
| Biscupid (mitral) | -has two leaflets (cusps): anterior and posterior -located between the LA and LV |
| papillary muscles | concial muscle ridges that project form the ventricular wall and attach to valves via chordae tendinae |
| regurgitation | produces heart murmur |
| prolapsed valve | cusps of a valve swings pass the point it normally should thereby allowing blood to leak past |
| valvular stenosis | narrowing of opening because parts of a valve are sticking together |
| rheumatic fever | bacterial infection damages heart valves leaving a roughened and bumpy surface. results in valvular leaking leading to heart murmur additional scaring can thicken and stiffen mitral valve causing sternosis and as a consequence can lead to pulmonary congestion |
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