logic flashcards set 3
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21 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Reasoning |  the act by which the mind requires new knowledge by means of what it already knows |
| the two kinds of reasoning | deductive and inductive |
| Deductive inference | the act by which the mind establishes a connection between the antecedent and the consequent. |
| Syllogism | a group of propositions in orderly sequence, one of which (the consequent) is said to be necessarily inferred from the others (the antecedent). |
| Essential Law of Argumentation | If the antecedent is true, the consequent must also be true. |
| First Corollary | If the syllogism is valid and the consequent is false, then the antecedent must be false. |
| Second Corollary | In a valid syllogism with a true consequent, the antecedent is not necessarily true. |
| Syllogism Terms | major, minor, middle |
| Major Term | the predicate of the conclusion |
| Minor Term | The subject of the conclusion |
| Middle Term | The term that appears in both premises, but not in the conclusion |
| Major Premise | The premise which contains the major term |
| Minor Premise | The premise which contains the minor term |
| The Principle of Reciprocal Identity | Two terms that are identical with a third term are identical to each other. |
| The Principle of Reciprocal Non-Identity | Two terms, one of which is identical with a third term and the other of which is nonidentical with that third term, are nonidentical to each other. |
| The Dictum de Omni | What is affirmed universally of a certain term is affirmed of every term that comes under that term |
| The Dictum de Nullo | What is denied universally of a certain term is denied of every term that comes under that term. |
| The 3 catagories of the 7 rules of catagorical syllogisms | Terminological, Quantitative, Qualitative |
| Terminological Rules | I. Ther must be three and only three terms. II.The middle term must not occur in the conclusion |
| Quantitative Rules | III. If a term is distributed in the conclusion, then it must be distributed in the premise. IV. The middle term must be distributed at least once. |
| Qualitative Rules | V. No conclusion can follow from two negative premises. VI. I the two premises are affirmative, the conclusion must also be affirmative. VII. If either premise is negative, the conculsion must be negative. |
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