| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Extrinsic - Inappropriate coaching or instruction | Innappropriate instructions given by coaches or trainers is an obvious way sports participants become easily injured. It is important that atheltes have qualified coaches that have knowledge in a particular field. It is essential that trainers and coaches abide by the national governing body rules and regulations for the sport and that they are interpreted well. An example of this is a coach or trainer that isn't qualified, telling an athlete the wrong instruction and making them do things incorrectly. |
| Intrinsic - Inadequate warm-up | The warm-up prepares both the body and mind for the exercise that is abut to be undertaken. Warm-ups depend on different factors such as, level of competition or weather conditions. The warm up should consist of three components: A pulse raiser, A mobiliser and stretching of the main muscles that are going to be used. |
| Extrinsic - Incorrect technique | A technique is something that is taught by a coach, trainer or teacher. It is easy for an athlete to change their technique if they are being told different things by various people. If the technique isn't being delivered correctly, and over time it isn't changed, the athlete could see themselves getting injured because of a poor technique. |
| Intrinsic - Muscle imbalance | Muscle imbalance is when one muscle in an antagonistic pair is stronge than the other. This happens often is sports where one muscle is used a lot moe than others. For example when a footballer kickes a ball they extend their knee so they have strong quads but thier hamstrings aren't as strong. This can result in knee injuries because the hamstring muscles aren't strong enough to put a brake on the kicking action. |
| Extrinsic - Environmental conditions | The environment has a big part on both the sport and increases the risk of athletes sustaining injuries. This is because if something in a sporting environment was faulty, e.g lighting, they could end up either breaking down an attacking move if it was basketball because they couldn't see the ball or they could injure another player because they couldn't see where they were. |
| Intrinsic - Poor preperation | Preperation is vital in sport to get the best out of athletes. If an athlete doesn't prepare well for a match or competition they won't perform to their full potential. For example if a netballer was about to go out to the world championships in New Zealand and their position was C, if they hadn't done extra CV training they know that they won't perform to the best if their ability. This would be the atheltes own fault because they haven't put the effort in. |
| Extrinsic - Other sports players | Other sports players would cause injury to athletes because teams are passionate about the game and winning. This especially occurs in local derby matches and between rivals. For example if Manchester United were playing Chelsea, the intensity of the match would be very high because both teams want to win, whereas if Manchester United were playing Derby, they know that they are better and should beat them so they would rest the better players in case they get injured. |
| Intrinsic - Postural defects | Postural defect is where people have one leg slightly longer than the other. If the difference is quite big, it could affect an athletes running technique which would force them to put strain on thier body and this could cause a serious injury. This would occur after a long period because they have got used to the wrong technique and it would be repetitive. |
| Extrinsic - Equipment, clothing & footwear | It is vital that athletes use the correct equipment and have the right clothing and footwear to prevent injuries to themselves and other players. For example if a netballer wore the wrong trainers with no grip and they slipped over and spained thier ankle, this would be because their footwear wasn't appropriate. Another example is a javelin thrower not having the correct technique and the javelin landing near another person. This would be dangerous because it could occur again. |
| Intrinsic - Poor Technique | Poor technique is when an athlete could sustain an injury by using a technique that could be dangerous to them. Poor technique is related to the individuals performance and not having the use of any equipment. An example of this is in swimming the athlete could have a poor arm technique and this could force them to sustain an injury. |
| Intrinsic - Overuse | Overuse of the body is occurs when an athlete doesn't let time for thier body to recover after events. If an athlete continues to overuse the body, over time their body will become weaker and injuries will start to occur more often. This especially occurs if certain parts of the body are used a lot at one time. For example a footballer uses parts of thier leg to kick the ball hard and this ios why so many footballers sustain leg injuries because of overuse of the legs. |
| Intrinsic - Age | Age is a big factor in what kind of sports injuries athletes sustain. For example in younger children it will be from falling, in older children it will be from collisions or accidental injuries, but as in older age groups it will be because of overuse of the body or purposeful collisions. This will happen in elite athletes mainly becuase they are training everyday and they know what they are doing in collisions. |
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