Areas of the body
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sagittal plane | vertical division of the body into right and left portions - Medial and Lateral. Flexion and extension happen here. |
| Transverse Plane | horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions. Superior (towards head) and inferior (towards feet). Rotation happens here. |
| Frontal Coronal Plane | a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Adduction and Abduction happens here. |
| Superior | Refers to the structure closer to the head. |
| Inferior | Refers to the structure closer to the feet. |
| Cranial | Closer to the head. |
| Caudal | Closer to the buttocks. |
| Posterior | Pertains to the structure further toward the back of the body. |
| Anterior | Pertains to the structure further to the front of the body. |
| Medial | Pertains to a structure closer to the midline or center of the body. |
| Lateral | Refers to a structure further away from the midline. |
| Distal | A structure further away from the trunk of the body. |
| Proximal | A structure closer to the trunk of the body. |
| Superficial | Describes a structure closer to the body's surface. |
| Deep | Refers to a structure deeper in the body. |
| Where does movement of the body occur? | At the joints. |
| Extension | Movement that straightens or opens a joint. |
| Flexion | Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together. |
| Hyperextension | when a joint goes beyond it's normal range of motion. |
| Adduction | when a joint brings a limb medially towards the body's midline. "Adding to the body" |
| ABduction | moves a limb laterally away from the body. "carry away" |
| Medial Rotation | Occurs at the shoulder and hip joints. The limb turns in toward the midline. |
| Lateral Rotation | Occurs at the shoulder and hip joints. The limb swings away from the midline. |
| Rotation | pertains only to the axial skeleton; the head and vertebral column. |
| Circumduction | possible only at the shoulder and hip joints. Involves a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction. Together these create a cone-shaped movement. |
| Lateral flexion | occurs only at the axial skeleton. Neck or vertebral column bends laterally to the side. |
| axial skeleton | the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs |
| Elevation | the movement of the scapula and the jaw. Movement superiorly. |
| Depression | the movement of the scapula and the jaw. Movement inferiorly. |
| Supination | pivoting action of the forearm. the radius and ulna lie parallel to each other. Carrying a bowl of soup. Can also refer to feet. |
| Pronation | pivoting action of the forearm when the radius crosses over the ulna turning the palm down. Prone to spilling the bowl of soup. |
| Supine | laying face up or on your spine. Bolster under knees. |
| Prone | laying face down. Bolster under ankles. |
| Side laying | bolster between knees. |
| Inversion | occurs as a combination of movements of several joints of the feet. To turn in. |
| eversion | occurs as a combination of movements of several joints of the feet. To turn out. |
| Plantarflexion | moving the ankle to point your foot. |
| Dorsiflexion | moving the ankle to flex your foot. |
| Protraction | pertain to the scapula, clavicle, head and jaw. Protrude. |
| Retraction | pertains to the scapula, clavicle, head and jaw. Retract. |
| Deviation | to wander from the usual course. Lateral deviation occurs at the mandible during chewing. |
| Opposition | Happens only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Thumbpad crosses the palm toward the pinkie finger. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Part of the skeleton - appendages. Arms and legs, pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle) and pelvic girdle (hips) |
| How much of someone's body weight made of the skeletal bones? | 15% |
| Joint or articulation | Point of contact between bones |
| Fibrous or cartilaginous joints | have little to no movement capability |
| Synovial joints | contain a joint cavity which allows movement. |
| 6 types of synovial joints | Ball and socket, ellipsoid, hinge, saddle, gliding, pivot. |
| Ball and Socket joint | capable of movement in every plane. Shoulder and hip. |
| Ellipsoid joint | oval shaped bone. flexion/extension, abduction/adduction. Wrist |
| Hinge joint | flexion/extension. Elbow. |
| Saddle joint | modified ellipsoid joint. Convex and concave articulating surfaces. Carpal bones in hand. |
| Gliding joint | two flat surfaces and allows the least movement. Small shifting movements. carpal bones in wrist and tarsal bones in foot. |
| Tendon | What attaches the muscle to the bone. |
| Origin of muscle | the attachment to the more stationary bone |
| Insertion of the muscle | connection to the more mobile bone. |
| How many named muscles in the body. | 639 |
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