Chapter 12
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Vitamin D (sources) | made by skin. Found in: Salmon, shrimp, Cod, liver oil, Tuna, Eel, herring, fortified cereal, milk. |
| Limitation of skin formation of vitamin D | Age, Sunscreen/sunblock, darker skin tones, geographic location, season. |
| sunlight requirements for formation of Vitamin D | sunlight 2-3 times a week for 10-15 minutes. |
| Vitamin D (storage) | stored in fat or goes back to liver. Liver can make it inactive and it can circulate in blood stream for weeks. Small amount excreted in urine and bile. |
| Vitamin D (transportation) | absorbed with dietary fat in small intestines or made in the body. Liver makes it inactive. Kidney's make it calcitriol (active form). |
| Vitamin D (kidney function) | with regulation from parathyriod hormone makes active form of calcitriol (hormone) induces vitamin D function. |
| Functions of vitamin D | Bone Health. aid in increasing absorption of food. Aid releasing calcium from bone or depositing calcium by the kidneys |
| Deficiency of Vitamin D | Rickets (improper bone formation), Osteomalacia (poorly formed new bone) |
| Rickets | vitamin D deficiencty. (Children)improper bone formation |
| Osteomalacia | poorly formed new bone (weak or soft bone) |
| Vitamin D (Toxicity) | Due to dietary supplements. Risk over absorption of Calcium. (Hypercalcemia- high levels of calcium in the blood) |
| Hypercalcemia | high levels of calcium in blood due to vitamin D toxicity |
| Vitamin D (UL) | 50 micrograms a day |
| Vitamin E (sources) | vegtable oil, margarine, shortening, wheat germ, whole grains, seeds, nuts (animal fats are NOT good sources) |
| Vitamin E (transportation) | from liver via lipoproteins (very low lipoproteins). Excreted in bile, urine, and skin. |
| Vitamin E (storage) | in adipose tissue |
| Vitamin E (function) | antioxidant- stops damage done by free radicals (because it donates an electron to the free radicals), reduces oxidative stress |
| Vitamin E (deficiencies) | hemolytic enemia, but are rare |
| Hemolytic anemia | vitamin E deficiency. Red blood cells are broken down faster than they can be replaced. |
| Vitamin E (toxicity) | interfere with vitamin K (needed for blood clotting). May cause hemorrhaging |
| Vitamin E (UL) | 1000 mg/ natural source. 1,100/synthetic source |
| Vitamin K (sources) | Green vegtables: brocolli, Kale, green beans, soybean, olive, canola |
| Vitamin K (body manufactured) | in the GI by bacteria, manaquinones (10% absorbed) |
| Vitamin K (Excretion) | primarily in bile, small amount in urine |
| Vitamin K (function) | (clotting and bones) need in synthesis of blood clotting factors. synthesis of protein that bind calcium |
| Vitamin K (deficiency risk) | Antibiotic therapy (disrupts making of vit by bacteria in colon). Fat free diet (absorption problem). Hemorrhagic disease of newborns (shot at birth) |
| Hemmorrhagic diesase | vitamin K deficiency in new borns (given shot at birth) |
| vitamin K (toxicity) | jaudice (caused by high doses of synthetic form) |
| Vitamin K (UL) | no UL |
| vitamin/mineral supplementation (things to look for) | no more than 10% of daily value (should not exceed UL's). USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Certification. |
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