1.
Deficiency of Vitamin D: Rickets (improper bone formation), Osteomalacia (poorly formed new bone)
2.
Functions of vitamin D: Bone Health. aid in increasing absorption of food. Aid releasing calcium from bone or depositing calcium by the kidneys
3.
Hemmorrhagic diesase: vitamin K deficiency in new borns (given shot at birth)
4.
Hemolytic anemia: vitamin E deficiency. Red blood cells are broken down faster than they can be replaced.
5.
Hypercalcemia: high levels of calcium in blood due to vitamin D toxicity
6.
Limitation of skin formation of vitamin D: Age, Sunscreen/sunblock, darker skin tones, geographic location, season.
7.
Osteomalacia: poorly formed new bone (weak or soft bone)
8.
Rickets: vitamin D deficiencty. (Children)improper bone formation
9.
sunlight requirements for formation of Vitamin D: sunlight 2-3 times a week for 10-15 minutes.
10.
Vitamin D (kidney function): with regulation from parathyriod hormone makes active form of calcitriol (hormone) induces vitamin D function.
11.
Vitamin D (sources): made by skin. Found in: Salmon, shrimp, Cod, liver oil, Tuna, Eel, herring, fortified cereal, milk.
12.
Vitamin D (storage): stored in fat or goes back to liver. Liver can make it inactive and it can circulate in blood stream for weeks. Small amount excreted in urine and bile.
13.
Vitamin D (Toxicity): Due to dietary supplements. Risk over absorption of Calcium. (Hypercalcemia- high levels of calcium in the blood)
14.
Vitamin D (transportation): absorbed with dietary fat in small intestines or made in the body. Liver makes it inactive. Kidney's make it calcitriol (active form).
15.
Vitamin D (UL): 50 micrograms a day
16.
Vitamin E (deficiencies): hemolytic enemia, but are rare
17.
Vitamin E (function): antioxidant- stops damage done by free radicals (because it donates an electron to the free radicals), reduces oxidative stress
18.
Vitamin E (sources): vegtable oil, margarine, shortening, wheat germ, whole grains, seeds, nuts (animal fats are NOT good sources)
19.
Vitamin E (storage): in adipose tissue
20.
Vitamin E (toxicity): interfere with vitamin K (needed for blood clotting). May cause hemorrhaging
21.
Vitamin E (transportation): from liver via lipoproteins (very low lipoproteins). Excreted in bile, urine, and skin.
22.
Vitamin E (UL): 1000 mg/ natural source. 1,100/synthetic source
23.
Vitamin K (body manufactured): in the GI by bacteria, manaquinones (10% absorbed)
24.
Vitamin K (deficiency risk): Antibiotic therapy (disrupts making of vit by bacteria in colon). Fat free diet (absorption problem). Hemorrhagic disease of newborns (shot at birth)
25.
Vitamin K (Excretion): primarily in bile, small amount in urine
26.
Vitamin K (function): (clotting and bones) need in synthesis of blood clotting factors. synthesis of protein that bind calcium
27.
Vitamin K (sources): Green vegtables: brocolli, Kale, green beans, soybean, olive, canola
28.
vitamin K (toxicity): jaudice (caused by high doses of synthetic form)
29.
Vitamin K (UL): no UL
30.
vitamin/mineral supplementation (things to look for): no more than 10% of daily value (should not exceed UL's). USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Certification.
