Botany Test
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Algae | a plant that always stays in water and is a prokaryote |
| Lichen | a combination of a fungus and an algae and this is a symbiotic relationship |
| Bryophyte | any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta |
| Seedless Vascular | they do not produce seeds |
| Gymnosperm | naked seed - embryo plant not completely enclosed by tissue |
| Angiosperm | covered seed - embryo-baby plant completely covered by tissue |
| Sporophyte | produces haploid spores by meiosis |
| Gametophyte | produces gametes (egg & sperm) |
| Spores | A haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophyte |
| Gametes | Gametes come together in fertilization ( egg and sperm ) |
| Mitosis | cells divide for growing= N-->N |
| Meiosis | cells divide for reproduction= 2N-->N |
| Fertilization | a process in which sperm and egg come together.= N+N=2N |
| Cotyledon | An embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed. |
| Embryonic stem | The tissue inside the seed that will develop into the stem |
| Embryonic leaves | The beginning stages of the seeds leaves. |
| Protective covering | Keeps the inside of the seed from being penetrated and keeps the moisture inside it. |
| Carpel | The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group. |
| Stigma | a sticky or feathery portion at the top of the style |
| Style | The diameter of the carpel narrows into a stalk |
| Ovary | the organ that bears the ovules of a flower |
| Ovules | The female part of the flower, which produces the eggs that are needed for making seeds |
| Stamen | the male reproductive organ of a flower |
| Anther | the part of the stamen that contains pollen |
| Filament | stalk that supports the anther |
| Pollen | the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant |
| Petal | part of the flower that produces sweet smelling nectar and attracts pollinators |
| Sepal | outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing |
| Dermal Tissue | The protective covering of plants; generally a single layer of tightly packed epidermal cells covering young plant organs formed by primary growth. |
| Vascular Tissue | Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
| Ground Tissue | tissue between the dermal tissue and vascular tissue of a non-woody plant that functions in photosynthesis, storage, and support |
| Meristematic Tissue | Only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis. |
| Carrot anatomy | this is the lab where we ate a carrot and found out what was in the inside of the carrot there is the dermal tissue is the outside and the vascular tissue that is sweeter is in the inside most part |
| Types of Roots | tap root obtain water deep in the ground |
| Root Cap | thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root |
| Apical Meristem | Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. |
| Root Functions (for plant and for the ecosystem) | ... |
| Primary Growth | Growth produced by apical meristems, which lengthen stems and roots. |
| Secondary Growth | Growth produced by lateral meristems, which thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. |
| Heartwood | older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water |
| Sapwood | newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant |
| Cork | outer tissue of bark |
| Vascular cambium | lateral meristematic tissue that produces vascular tissues and increases the thickness of the stem over time |
| Phloem | vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis |
| Annual Ring | Rings in a tree trunk formed by the growth of wood in layers |
| Blade | thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight |
| Vein | any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ |
| Petiole | the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf |
| Cuticle | Waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants. Helps prevent water loss. |
| Palisade Mesophyll | layer of tall, column-shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis of a leaf |
| Spongy Mesophyll | loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of a leaf; has many air spaces between its cells |
| Stomata | Pore-like openings in leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out of the leaves. |
| Guard Cells | cells that control the opening and closing of stomata |
| Transpiration | loss of water vapor through the stomata(Stomata is only on the underside of the leaf) |
| Hormone | Help plant respond to environmental factors Control patterns of growth |
| Hormone Pathway | travels through the phloem |
| Auxin | the plant hormone used to grow |
| Apical Meristem | growing tip of the cell |
| Phototropism | response of a plant to light |
| Gravitropism | response of a plant to the force of gravity |
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