Flashcards: Circulatory System: The Heart
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Created by:
greenkitty311 on January 9, 2006
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Everest College - Massage Therapy Class of 2012, PCC Nursing, LPN brownmackie 2011, ESA EMR 2012, Stautzenberger - Allen Park MI, A&P2 (see more)
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pericardium | layer that encloses the heart |
| left | direction in which the heart points |
| visceral pericardium | layer also known as the epicardium |
| parietal pericardium | separated from the epicardium by the pericardial cavity |
| epicardium | layer that protects the heart by reducing friction |
| myocardium | thick middle layer of the wall of the heart; composed of smooth, cardiac muscle |
| endocardium | inner layer of the heart wall consisting of epithelium and connective tissue as well as some specialized muscle tissue |
| atria | receive blood from lungs and body |
| ventricles | receive blood from atria and force into body |
| septum | separates right and left sides of heart |
| tricuspid valve | between right atrium and ventricle |
| chordae tendinae | fibers attatched to the tricuspid valve which pull it closed when papillary muscles contract, preventing backwash of blood |
| papillary muscles | responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae |
| pulmonary valve | link between right ventricle and artery extending from it |
| bicuspid (mitral) valve | between left atrium and ventricle |
| aorta | largest artery in the body |
| aortic valve | between the left ventricle and the largest artery in the body |
| semilunar valves | pulmonary valve and aortic valve |
| skeleton of the heart | rings of dense connective tissure surrounding the pulmonary trunk and aorta |
| coronary arteries | first two branches of the aorta; feed the heart |
| agina pectoris | extreme chest pain caused by blockage (thrombus) of coronary arteries |
| coronary thrombosis | blood clot completely blocking a coronary artery, causes a heart attack |
| myocardial infarction | another name for heart attack |
| coronary sinus | enlarged vein from junctions of coronary veins which empty into the right atrium |
| systole | contraction of heart muscle |
| diastole | relaxation of heart muscle |
| cardiac cycle | atrial systole/ventricular diastole, ventricular systole/atrial diastole, brief complete diastole |
| functional syncytium | mass of merging cells that function as a unit |
| cardiac conduction system | fibers of cardiac muscle tissue which distribute impulses over the entire heart |
| sinoatrial node | small, elongated mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue just beneath the epicardium in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava-starts impulses |
| pacemaker | common name for S-A node |
| atrioventricular node | only normal conduction pathway between the atrial and ventricular syncytia |
| A-V bundle | group of fibers which receive impluse from the atrioventricular node; also known as the bundle of His |
| Purkinje fibers | extend from branches of A-V bundle, stimulate muscle fibers in the ventricular walls |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) | recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle |
| waves | deflection in a ECG |
| P wave | in an ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atrial fibers (leads to contraction |
| QRS complex | in ECG corresponding to depolarization of ventrical membranes, much stronger!! |
| T wave | in ECG last wave of cardiac cycle corresponding to repolarization |
| acetylcholine | decreases S-A and A-V nodal activity; leads to heart rate decrease |
| baroreceptors | detect changes in blood pressure |
| auricle | expandable extension of the atruim |
| coronary sulcus | groove that marks border between atria and ventricles |
| interatrial septum | separates the two atria |
| interventricular septum | separates the two ventricles |
| pectinate muscles | prominent muscular ridges along the inner surface of the auricle and across the adjacent anterior atrial wall |
| foramen ovale | penetrates interatrial septum from fifth week of embryonic development until birth |
| fossa ovalis | small depression of site of prior foramen ovale |
| trabeculae carneae | muscular ridges on the internal surface of the ventricles |
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