Mrs. Hall Biology Chapter 11 Vocabulary
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetics | the scientific study of heredity. |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| true-breeding | A kind of breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype. |
| trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrids | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| genes | the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| independent assortment | the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
| incomplete dominance | one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele |
| condominance | different from incomplete because both triat are displayed |
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| polygenic traits | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| homologous | term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent |
| diploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes |
| meiosis | Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |
| tetrad | structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| crossing-over | when non-sister cromatids cross, break, and recombind introducing more variation |
| gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
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