ESC1000 Chapter 13 & 14 - Ocean floor
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Created by:
thumpaholden Plus on December 2, 2009
Subjects:
earth science, Fatherree, ocean floor
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mid ocean ridge | What is typically found in the middle of an ocean? |
| Charles Darwin | Who figured out how atolls were formed? |
| almost 7 | Depth of the Mariana Trench in miles. |
| Pacific | Deepest ocean |
| 3.5 | What percent is 35 ppt equivalent to? |
| accretionary wedge | Pile of sediment from the continent and scraped off by the subducting plate. |
| hotspots and tectonic boundaries | What causes seamounts to rise? |
| 71 | Percentage of earth's surface covered by water |
| 36000 | Depth of the Mariana Trench in feet. |
| gets finer further away from land | How does the texture of terrigenous sediment change with location? |
| biogenous sediments | Fine particles of dead plankton and corals, clams and snails etc |
| accretionary wedge | What is sometimes found between an oceanic trench and shore? |
| newly formed volcanoes, oceanic crust and rift | What are the parts of an oceanic ridge? |
| land | Where does terrigenous sediment come from? |
| passive | Term for oceanic continental margins that are not associated with tectonic boundaries. |
| hydrogenous | Sediments precipitated directly from sea water. |
| active and passive | Two types of continental margins. |
| middle of oceans | Where are ocean ridges found? |
| continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise | Three parts of a passive oceanic margin. |
| seamount | Volcanic peaks that rise from the bottom of an abyssal plain. |
| continental shelf | A gently sloping area which is simply the part of a continent that is under water |
| silicious ooze | biogenous sediment found in cold water by plankton that grow quartz shells (SiO2) |
| 12000 | Average depth of oceans in feet |
| active | Term for oceanic continental margins that are associated with tectonic boundaries. |
| 35ppt | concentration of dissolved salts in sea water |
| deep-sea fans | Under-sea alluvial fan. |
| Pacific | Largest ocean |
| 2.3 | Average depth of oceans in miles |
| continental shelf | Which part of an ocean will not be under water if there is a sea level change? |
| hotspot and divergent boundary | What causes the oceanic floor to act like a conveyor belt for seamounts? |
| manganese nodules | Example of hydrogenous sediments. |
| continental margin, ocean basin floor, oceanic ridge | Three major units of the ocean (alphabetical order) |
| atoll | A roughly circular coral 'donut' formation living around the top of a guyot, which is left behind when the top of a volcano drops below sea level. |
| calcareous ooze | biogenous sediment found in warm water by planktons that grow limesone (CaCO3) shells. |
| trench | Surface feature of a subduction zone that is found along the margins of the ocean basin floor. |
| shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain | Four parts of the ocean floor (in progressive depth). |
| sodium chloride | Primary dissolved solid in sea water. |
| sediment from base of icebergs | What exception is there to the normal pattern of terrigenous sediment texture? |
| active | Oceanic margin that tends to have narrow shelves (if any at all) and a steep drop off from the shore into a trench. |
| trenches | Of the world's highest mountains and deepest trenches, which is furthest from sea level? |
| seamount | Oceanic volcano. |
| continental rise | The lower grade area that extends from the bottom of the continental slope out onto the ocean basin floor. Covered with deep-sea fans. |
| rift | What is typically found in the centre of a mid oceanic ridge? |
| water | Where does hydrogenous sediment come from? |
| same | How does the height of mid oceanic ridges compare with terrestrial mountains? |
| organisms, plankton | Where does biogenous sediment come from? Give the main example. |
| Mariana Trench | Example of an oceanic trench. |
| biogenous, hydrogenous, terrigenous | Three types of marine sediment (in alphabetical order) |
| Mariana Trench | Deepest oceanic trench. |
| Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific (alphabetical order) | List the world's four main oceans. |
| continental rise | What feature is covered with deep sea fans? |
| blanket of very fine sediment from land, and dead plankton | What covers the abyssal plain? |
| guyot | Seamount with its top flattened by weathering. |
| passive | Oceanic margin without a trench. |
| abyssal plain | Part of the ocean that is mostly a flat featureless expanse. |
| continental slope | The relatively steep transitional area from a continent's edge to the sea floor. |
| radar, seismic reflection, sonar | Methods for measuring depth of oceans (alphabetical order) |
| rising magma pushes it, and heat makes it less dense | Why does the oceanic crust rise at a mid ocean ridge? |
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