Anatomy of Bones and Joints
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 joint aka | articulation |
| 3 major kinds of joints | fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial |
| 3 characteristics of fibrous joints | united by fibrous connective tissue, have no joint cavity, exhibit little or no movement |
| 3 types of fibrous joints | sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses |
| sutures | fibrous joints between the bones of the skull |
| fontanel | a large area of unossified membrane between some bones |
| syntosis | when two bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone |
| syndesmoses | a fibrous joint in which the bones are farther apart than in a suture and are joined by ligaments |
| gomphoses | consists of pegs held in place within sockets by fibrous tissue |
| example of suture | coronal suture |
| example of syndesmoses | radius and ulna |
| example of gomphoses | teeth and mandible |
| cartilaginous joint | unite two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| 2 types of cartilaginous joints | synchondroses and symphyses |
| synchondroses | consists of two bones joined together by hyaline cartilage where little or no movement occurs |
| example of synchondroses | the joints between the ilium ischium and pubis before they fuse |
| most synchondroses are permanent/temporary | temporary |
| symphyses | consists of fibrocartilage uniting two bones |
| example of symphyses | the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; symphyses pubis |
| synovial joints | freely movable joints that contain synovial fluid in a cavity surrounding the ends of articulating bones |
| articular disks | a flat plate or pad of fibrocartilage in some synovial joints |
| meniscus | an incomplete crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pad found in joints such as the knee and wrist |
| joint capsule | surrounds the bones forming synovial joints, forming a joint cavity |
| flexion and extension aka | bending and straightening |
| hyperextension | abnormal forced extension of a limb or part beyond its normal range of motion |
| 3 special movements | elevation/depression; protraction/retraction; opposition/retraction |
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