|
 Active Transport | An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient. |
| Passive Transport | A process that moves material across a cell membrane with the concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Diffusion | A process by which molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Hypertonic | A solution with a higher concentration of solutes. |
| Hypotonic | A solution with a lower concentration of solutes. |
| Isotonic | A solution with an equal concentration of solutes. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. |
| Aerobic | A process that requires oxygen. |
| Anaerobic | A process in the absence of oxygen. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants use light energy to create sugars and starches. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| Glucose | The sugar molecule made in photosynthesis. |
| Stroma | The region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. |
| Thylakoid | A saclike body in chloroplasts made of photosynthetic membranes that contain chlorophyll molecules. |
| Heterotroph | Organisms that obtain energy from the foods they consume. |
| Autotroph | Organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food. |
| Chloroplast | The organelle found in cells of plants that use energy from the sun to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis. |
| Mitochondria | The cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules. |
| Chlorophyll | The principal pigment of plants that captures light energy. |
| Nucleus | The large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities. |
| Ribosome | A small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified. |
| Golgi Apparatus | A stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. |
| Cell Membrane | The thin, flexible barrier around a cell which regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Cell Wall | The strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria. |
| Lysosome | The cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell. |
| Vacuoles | The cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| Exocytosis | The process by which a cell releases large amounts of material. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane. |
| Herbivore | An organism that eats only plants. |
| Omnivore | An organism that eats both plants and animals. |
| Carnivore | An organism that eats only animals. |
| Decomposer | An organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter. |
| Predator | An organism that hunts, catches and eats another animal. |
| Prey | An organism that is hunted and eaten. |
| Protein | A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It is used for growth, repair and to make up enzymes. |
| Carbohydrate | A compound that is the main source of energy for the human body. |
| Lipid | A macromolecule that includes fats, oils and waxes. |
| Nucleic Acid | A macromolecule that is the primary genetic material of a cell. |
| Enzyme | A protein that acts as a biological catalyst. |
| Eukaryote | An organism whose cell contains a nucleus and organelles. |
| Prokaryote | Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. |
| Pinocytosis | Cellular drinking. |
| Phagocytosis | Cellular eating. |