| Term | Definition |
| Hyperbole | An exaggeration or overstatement (e.g., I was so embarrassed I could have died.). |
| Idiomatic language | An expression peculiar to itself grammatically or that cannot be understood if taken literally (e.g., Let’s get on the ball.). |
| Irony | The use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or usual meaning; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result. |
| Literary conflict | The struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a plot. |
| Literary elements | The essential techniques used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting, plot, theme). |
| Literary devices | Tools used by the author to enliven and provide voice to the writing (e.g., dialogue, alliteration). |
| Literary structures | The author’s method of organizing text (e.g., foreshadowing, flashbacks). |
| Metaphor | The comparison of two unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as) are used (e.g., That new kid in class is really a squirrel.). |
| Meter | The repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. |
| Personification | An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers danced about the lawn.). |
| Alliteration: | The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words. |
| Allusion: | An implied or indirect reference in literature to a familiar person, place or event. |
| Figurative language: | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. |