AP Statistics Vocabulary
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Created by:
mechstan on December 3, 2009
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Description:
AP Statistics Vocabulary for Gathering Data. The password is one of the many services that Mr. Rod offers.
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supermegacoolsexy couple, AIC Nursing C/O 2015, Troy High School
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biased | any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population |
| strata | when groups of experimental units are similar, they are gathered into these groups |
| census | a sample that consists of the entire population |
| cluster | sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random |
| completely randomized | type of experiment in which all experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment |
| confounding | when the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor so their effects cannot be separated |
| control | aspects of the experiment that we know may have an effect on the response, but that are not the factors being studied |
| control group | experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level |
| convenience | sampling design where individuals are chosen based on who is easily available |
| double blind | neither the subjects nor the people who have contact with them know which treatment a subject has received |
| experimental units | individuals on which an experiment is done |
| experiments | study in which subjects are randomly assigned to treatments |
| factor | variable whose levels are controlled by the experimenter |
| heterogeneous | not similar in makeup |
| homogeneous | similar in makeup |
| level | specific values that the experimenter chooses a factor |
| matched pairs | type of study in which subjects who are similar in ways not under study may be grouped together and then compared with each other on the variables of interest |
| multistage | sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods |
| nonresponse | type of bias that is problematic because the intended sample is incomplete |
| observational study | study based on data in which no treatments have been assigned to subjects |
| outcome | an individual result of a component of a simulation |
| placebo | treatment known to have no effect, administered so that all groups experience the same conditions |
| placebo effect | the tendency of many human subjects to show a response even when administered a fake treatment |
| population | the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn |
| prospective | observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes |
| random behavior | an occurrence for which we know what outcomes could happen, but not which particular values will happen |
| randomization | process by which each individual is given a fair chance of selection |
| response | type of bias that is problematic because false information may be given |
| retrospective | observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined |
| sample | a (representative) subset of a population, examined in hope of learning about a population |
| simple random | sampling design in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection |
| sampling frame | a list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn |
| sampling variability | the natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ, one from another |
| sample survey | a study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population |
| simulation | models random events by using random numbers to specify outcomes with relative frequencies that correspond to the true real-world relative frequencies we are trying to model |
| single blind | when either the subjects or the people who have contact with them do not know which treatment a subject has received |
| statistically significant | when an observed difference is too large to believe that it is likely to have occurred naturally |
| block | a subdivision of the population |
| stratified | sampling design in which the population is divided into several strata, and random samples are then drawn from each stratum |
| subjects | people who are studied |
| systematic | sample drawn by select an individual from a list and then each of the next N individuals from the sampling frame |
| treatment | the process or intervention applied to randomly assigned experimental units |
| trial | the sequence of several components representing events that we are pretending will take place |
| undercoverage | type of bias that is problematic because some groups are not represented in the sample |
| voluntary response | type of bias that is problematic because those who volunteer tend to have strong negative opinions |
| voluntary response | sampling design where individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample |
| wording bias | a type of response bias where the question is posed to achieve a desired result |
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