Botany Test #2
About this set
Created by:
Rachelk3192 on October 15, 2012
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 2 Types of Root Systems | Tap Root and Fibrous Root |
| Root Cap | protects the young radical and continues to slough off as the root grows |
| Robert Hooke | first observed the cell in 1665 |
| Cell Theory | - Cell is the basic unit of life - Organisms are composed of cells - Cells arise from other cells |
| Prokaryotic Cells | simple cells that lack organelles example: Bacteria |
| Eukaryotic Cells | larger, more complex cells that have organelles (nuclei, mitochondria, etc.) examples: plants, animals, fungi |
| What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don't? | - Cell walls - Vacuoles - Chloroplasts |
| Cell Wall | protects and supports the cell, is made of Cellulose, and allows water and other molecules to pass through (like a cardboard box) |
| Primary Wall | formed early and is located on the outermost layer |
| Secondary Wall | deposited on the inside, between Primary Cell Wall and Cell Membrane |
| Middle lamella | "glues" adjacent cells together |
| Cell Membrane | aka: Plasma Membrane, is a lipid bi-layer that is differentially permeable (allows water through, but not other molecules) |
| Cytoplasm | the gel like stuff on the inside |
| Cytosol | indistinct matrix of water (90%), proteins, organic molecules, ions |
| Organelles | distinct, membrane-bound sub-compartments within the cell |
| Nucleus | contains all genetic information in chromosomes |
| Mitochondria | provides energy to cell b converting sugars into chemical energy |
| Chloroplasts | site for photosynthesis, produces sugars from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Also contains chlorophyll (what makes plants green) |
| Lysosomes | the "recycling unit" of the cell, they are important in breaking down old cell components, contain many digestive enzymes, and manage waste |
| Vacuole | stores a water solution of sugars, salts, acids, proteins |
| Symbiogenesis | Chloroplasts and Mitochondria are descendants of once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells, establishing a symbiotic relationship |
| Root Epidermis | the outermost, single layer of cells that absorbs water and nutrients |
| Root Cortex | provides support and often stores sugars and starch |
| What are the functions of roots? | anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, and storage of surplus sugars and starch |
| What is the value of soil bacteria around root hairs? | help absorb nutrients |
| What force is involved in water movement into the roots? | osmosis |
| Osmosis | movement from an area of high concentration of salt to an area of low concentration of salt |
| What is the functions of Stems? | supports leaves and fruits and conducts water and sugars throughout plant for above-ground organs |
| What are the two types of growth? | Primary and Secondary |
| Primary Growth | is derived from Apical Meristems |
| Secondary Growth | comes from Internal Meristems |
| Apical Meristems | primary growth, increase in length |
| Lateral Meristems | secondary growth, increase in width |
| What are the 2 types of stems? | Monocot and Dicot |
| Monocot Stem | has vascular buncles mixed throughout stem |
| Dicot Stem | has a vascular ring |
| Following last October's freak snow storm, the leaves of Japanese Maple Didn't fall off until the following Spring, why? | Abscission is a metabolic process, there was no energy to prompt the abscission process that drops the leaves |
| Blade / Lamina | flat expanded area of a leaf |
| Petiole | stalk that connects the leaf blade to stem |
| Where are most of the chloroplasts found? | in the Palisade cells of the Leaf Mesophyll |
| Petals | attract insects and birds |
| Sepals | protect the reproductive parts of the flower as they develop |
| Pedicel | the base upon which the flower develops |
| Stamen | the male part of the flower consisting of a filament and the anther |
| Pistil | the female part of the flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary |
| Filament | stalk that holds up the anther |
| Anther | part of the stamen that produces and holds the pollen |
| Stigma | found at the end of the pistil, it has a sticky surface to catch pollen |
| Style | the neck of the pistil; pollen grows down the style to fertilize eggs in the ovary |
| Ovary | part of the pistil that contains the ovules or immature seeds |
| Complete Flower | contains both male and female parts |
| Incomplete Flower | contains one or the other (Male/Female) parts |
| Monoecious Plants | contain both male and female incomplete flowers on the same plant |
| Dioecious Plants | contain either the male or the female flower on one plant |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.