 | Term | Definition |
| | state | An independent unit that occupies a spicific territory and has full control of it's own internal and external affairs |
| | nation | A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sence of unity |
| | nation-state | When a nation and a state occupy the same territory |
| | democracy | Citizens that hold political power, eighter directly or though elected representatives |
| | culture | the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours passed on by the members of a spicific group |
| | society | A group that shares a Geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture |
| | ethnic group | a specific group that shares a language, customs, and a comon heritage |
| | innovation | taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need |
| | diffusion | the spread of ideas, inventions, or paterns of behavior |
| | Monarchy | A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies |
| | Dictatorship | An individual or group holds complete political power. |
| | Communism | In this government and economic system, nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people |
| | Landlocked | Country surrounded by other land and with no direct outlet to the sea- must find ways to bulid connections to the rest of the world to get goods in and out of the country. |
| | urban geography | The study of how people use space in cities |
| | city | Centers of buisness and culture |
| | suburb | political units touching the borders of the city or other suburbs |
| | metropolitan area | City, its suburbs, and exburbs |
| | urbanization | Dramatic rise in # of cities and the change of lifestyle |
| | Central Business District | core of the city |
| | population pyramid | a graphic device that shows sex age distrubution of a population |
| | push pull factors | reasons for migrating |
| | population density | to understand how heavily populated an area is |
| | carrying capacity | the number of organisms a piece of land can support |
| | birthrate | the number of births a year |
| | fertility rate | the number of children a woman would have |
| | mortality rate | the number of deaths per thousand |
| | infant mortality rate | the number of deaths in children per thousand |
| | rate of natural increase | population growth rate |
| | cultural hearth | is a site ofinnovation from which basic ideas materials and technology diffuse to many cultures |
| | acculturation | occurs when society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation |
| | dialect | versions of language |
| | religion | consist of belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe |
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