First Semester Final Exam
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Created by:
MsMcLaughlin on December 7, 2009
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Classes:
Apush review, AP, APUSH Midterm Study Guide, APUSH, APUSH, Rodriguez High School APUSH
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 William Lloyd Garrison | United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879) |
| Transcendentalism | a nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience. |
| Missouri Compromise | Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820) |
| popular sovereignty | people hold the final authority in all matters of government |
| Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. |
| Andrew Jackson | The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. |
| First Great Awakening | Collection of events (social, intellectual, cultural) that changed religion's landscape in America during the 1730-40s. Key figures in this era include George Whitefield and the Tennents. |
| Election of 1840 | This election was characterized by the mudslinging or the attack or insult on each others reputation. William Henry Harrison wins election. |
| Reconstruction | the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union |
| Manifest Destiny | This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. |
| Irish immigrants | These people left their country when potato blight wiped out their crops in the 1840s. An estimated one million people died due to starvation and famine-related diseases and more than one million left for the United States. They also left because farmers could make five times as much in the United States than in their country. |
| Burned Over District | area of New York State along the Erie Canal that was constantly aflame with revivalism and reform; as wave after wave to fervor broke over the region, groups such as the Mormons, Shakers, and Millerites found support among the residents. |
| Civil War | War between the Union and Confederacy from 1861-1865 |
| Republican Party | Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery and comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers |
| Jacksonian Democracy | The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule. |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951) |
| Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers |
| Dred Scott | United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies (1798) |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Organization created at end of Civil War that aided southerns (mainly former slaves) with education, finding food, shelter and employment. |
| Republican Motherhood | The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children |
| French and Indian War | This struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years' War. |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | one of the first African American Regiment organized in the North |
| Articles of Confederation | this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage |
| Annexation of Texas | After the battle at the Alamo, Texas gains its independence, only to be annexed by the US shortly after. Leading to a land grab for California |
| Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea |
| Wilmot Proviso | Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico |
| Antebellum | before the war, especially the American Civil War |
| Cult of Domesticity | idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands |
| Reform movements | -end slavery, -win equal rights for women, -ensure kind treatmentof prisoners and the mentally ill, -improving education |
| Union | another name for the United States during the Civil War |
| Congressional Reconstruction | Divided the South into 5 military districts and stationed troops in each district |
| Declaration of Sentiments | declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights |
| Brook Farm | Two hundred acre community in Massachusetts founded in 1841 by a group of twenty transcendentalists, who prospered until the community collapsed in debt after a large building went down in a fire. |
| Utopian communities | Experimental communities designed to be perfect societies. |
| perfectionism | early 1800s. belief that individuals & society could become morally perfect. sparked many new communities. |
| Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. |
| Lowell, MA | named after Francis Cabott Lowell - it became a model factory town - had small houses near the factories - many peolpe lived there |
| Embargo Act 1807 | banned imports and exports/ was a disaster, wiped out all trade with all nations |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement in North America |
| Marbury v. Madison | This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review |
| Louisiana Territory | Area purchased by the U.S. in 1803 that included much of the land west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains |
| Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves |
| Proclamation of 1763 | law forbidding english colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Treaty of Ghent | Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions |
| Era of Good Feelings | a newspaper term used to describe the two terms of President James Monroe. during this period, ther was only one major political party, the democratic-republicans; it was therefore assumed that political discord had evaporated. |
| Constitutional Convention | meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States |
| John Marshall | created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court |
| Mayflower Compact | a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government |
| War of 1812 | 1812-1814. Fought between U.S. and England primarily over trade restrictions by England on the U.S with France. |
| Seperate Spheres | Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society |
| Daniel Webster | a senator from Massachusettes and the most powerful speaker of his time who was involved in the Webster-Hayne debate |
| Reconstruction | the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union |
| Radical Reconstruction | Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war |
| Barbary Pirates | between 1801-1805 Jefferson fought a small war to stop the policy of paying tribute to these people |
| Washington's Farewell Address | Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free |
| Cotton Gin | a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 |
| Great Compromise | the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population). |
| Haitian Rebellion | A number of complex events set the stage that culminated in the most significant revolt in the history of enslaved Africans. |
| Harvard College | First college in New World. Established by Puritans to train ministers. |
| Know Nothings | the American Party; anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic |
| Common Sense | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation |
| Three Fifths Compromise | the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | created the states of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries |
| American System | program proposed by Henry Clay and others to foster national economic growth and interdependence among the geographical sections. It included a protective tariff, a national bank, and internal improvements. |
| Trail of Tears | an 800 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of thousands of Cherokee |
| Hudson River School | Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River |
| Absalom Jones | an abolitionist who, with Richard Allen, helped found the first African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1816 |
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