| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Hypothesis | an educated guess |
| Theory | a well tested explanation |
| Inference | a guess based in old data |
| Observation | information gathered through the senses |
| Independent Variable | The variable that scientist manipulate. |
| Dependent Variable | The responding variable |
| Homeostatis | The system the body uses to keep the body temp normal |
| Atomic Number | number of protons |
| Element | a unique atom |
| Molecule | something made of atoms |
| Compound | two or more atoms together |
| Proton | the positively charged nuclei |
| Electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle |
| Neutron | a neutraly charged nuclei |
| Ion | a charged atom or molecule |
| Isotope | a variant of a element with more/less neutrons |
| Covalent bond | sharing bond |
| Ionic bond | a bond where electrons move from one element to the other |
| Hydrogen bond | a bond between a hydrogen atom and another negative molecule |
| Polar Molecule | a charged molecule |
| Adhesion | sticking to something else |
| Cohesion | sticking together |
| Mass number | the number of nuclei |
| Catalyst | a kind of enzyme that speeds up reactions |
| Substrate | reactants |
| Activation energy | energy necessary to make a reaction happen |
| Acid | a chemical with a high H+ concentration |
| Base | a chemical with a low H+ concentration |
| pH scale | the scale of the H+ concentration |
| Buffer | a weak base or acid for resisting change in the pH of something |
| Solution | mixture of two substances |
| Solute | the thing being dissolved |
| Solvent | the thing dissolving something else |
| Protein | a chain of amino acids |
| Carbohydrate | types of saccharides |
| Monosaccharide | simple sugar |
| Disaccharide | two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharide | a complex hydrocarbon |
| Organic compound | something with carbon in it |
| Polymer | a string of monomers |
| Monomer | Hydrocarbons or Amino Acids |
| Starch | a polymer of glucose molecules from plants |
| Glucose | table sugar |
| Glycogen | a polymer of glucose molecules in animals |
| Lipid | fats or any fat soluble natural molecules |
| Nucleic Acid | a chain of nucleotides |
| Carbon | a element with 8 protons |
| Isomer | a chemical formula where the molecules are arranged differently |
| Eukaryote | a cell with a nucleus |
| Prokaryote | a cell without a nucleus |
| Organelle | a part of a cell with a special purpose |
| Cilia | little tail used for movement/flagella |
| Cell membrane | the bi layered lipid membrane around cells |
| Cell Wall | a rigid layer around a cell |
| Base pairs | A-T and G-C |
| Histones | The proteins DNA wraps around |
| Replication | When the entire DNA is duplicated for Meiosis or Mitosis |
| Transcription | when part of the DNA is base paired with RNA |
| Translation | When the mRNA binds to the tRNA making proteins |
| Codon | a group of three nucleotides signaling an amino acid |
| Gene | A part of the DNA where a certain trait is |
| Genetic Code | he sequence of the base pairs |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid |
| tRNA | translation ribonucleic acid |
| rRNA | ribosomal ribonucleic acid |
| Nucleotide | One of the bases |
| Point Mutation | when a certain base is replaced with something else |
| Frameshift Mutation | when a base is added or removed, shifting the entire sequence |
| Deletion | When a base is removed |
| Insertion | When a base is added |
| Substitution | When a base is replaced with something else. |
| Codominance | When a heterozygous animal has both traits and expresses both (like checkered chickens) |
| Incomplete Dominance | When a animal has both traits and expresses both (like pink snap dragons) |
| Polygenetic | Controlled by multiple alleles |
| Heredity | Inheritance of a gene |
| Dominant | needing only one to express trait |
| Recessive | needing two to express trait |
| Genotype | the listing of possibilities like (AA, Aa, aa) |
| Phenotype | An observed quality |
| Allele | a piece of DNA taking up a part of a chromosome |
| Segregation | two separate alleles for a trail will separate when meiosis happens |
| Independent Assortment | The inheritance pattern of one trait will not affect another |
| Crossover | when two homologous chromosomes cross over and trade parts |
| Monohybrid Punnet square | a punnet square of one hybrid trait |
| Dihyrid Punnet Square | a punnet square of two hybrid traits |
| Dipoloid | Having a full set of chromosomes |
| Haploid | Having half a set of chromosomes |
| Autosomal | A trait not on a sex chromosome |
| Sex-Linked trait | a trait on a sex chromosome |
| Multiple Allelic | Being controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles |
| Homozygous | All the same |
| Heterozygous | Different |
| Homologous Chromosome | a matching chromosome |
| Pedigree | a chart to show phenotypes |
| Carrier | a person who has a trait but does not show signs |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been broken apart and put back together |
| Transgenetic Organism | a genetically modified organism |
| Vector | an organism that moves pathogens from one host to another |
| Light Dependent Reactions | H2O and light come in, O2, ATP, and NADPH come out |
| Light Independent Reactions | ATP, NADPH, and CO2 come into the Kreb cycle and glucose comes out |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate – the energy in cells |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate – a reducing agent in the Calvin Cycle |
| Cellular Respiration | When a cell takes in O2 and Glucose and makes ATP and CO2 |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | When ATP is produced without the use of oxygen, but it makes Lactic Acid |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | When ATP is produced without the use of oxygen, but it makes ethanol |
| Anarobic | Without Oxygen |
| Aerobic | Using Oxygen |
| Glycolysis | when glucose is broken into pyruvic (lactic) acid and making ATP without Oxygen |
| Citric Acid | Vitamin C |
| Kreb Cycle | Aka, Citric Acid Cycle, H20 and CO2 go in and O2 comes out |
| Electron Transport Train | the Cycle when NADH and FADH2 fall losing their electrons and releasing H20 |
| Mitosis | a type of cell division where each cell is exactly the same |
| Interphase | when the cell is growing |
| Prophase | chromosomes are visible with microscope, nucleolus disaprears |
| Metaphase | chromosomes gather in middle of cell |
| Anaphase | chromosomes pulled apart by centriole |
| Telophase. | Cytokenisis begins to happen, mitosis almost over. |
| Meiosis I | Exactly like mitosis but in Prophase the homologous chromosomes cross over exchanging DNA |
| Meiosis 2 | Like Mitosis but the DNA is not duplicated |
| Gamete | sex cell |
| Chromatid | ½ of a chromosome |
| DNA | a long chain of nucleotides |
| Chromosome | A bundle of DNA |
| Centromere | The place where spindle fibers come from |
| Cancer | a mutation in the DNA in cells causing uncontrollable division |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA |
| Tumor | an abnormal mass of cancer cells |
| Malignant | bad/cancerous |
| Benign | good/normal |
| Oncogene | Cancer causing gene |
| Chemotherapy | chemicals that damage cancer cells |
| Double helix | the two opposite direction helixes making up DNA |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| Adnine | The “A” nucleotide |
| Thymine | The “T” nucleotide, Replaced with “U” in RNA |
| Cytosine | The “C” nucleotide |
| Guanine | The “G” nucleotide |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace
!