ANCIENT ROME TERMS-MIDTERM 2
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JordanAnthonyPickett on October 23, 2012
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hannibal | Strong Military Carthaginian General in Second Punic War - who crossed the Alps and dominate Italy for some time |
| The Battle at Cannae | crucial battle of the Second Punic War where Consuls decide against Fabius skirmish tactics field of flowers hannibal came in from behind- Pincer Movement ; double envelop 80,000 dead + consul +1/3 senator |
| Hasdrubal | Hannibal brother - reinforcements who were cut off at the end of the war |
| Scipio Africanus | Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) |
| Terms of surrender for Carthage second Punic War | surrender fleet large payment no war without permission could no longer be a mediterranean power |
| Bithynia | Where Hannibal commits suicide (poison) when he was about to be handed over to the Romans (c. 182 BC) |
| Spain after the 2nd Punic War | governed by 2 praetors exploited for natural resources |
| Publicani | collected taxes private contractors |
| prorogation | extended term in office proconsul, propraetor gives time to finish up business |
| Philip V | king of ancient Macedonia whose confrontations with the Romans led to his defeat and his loss of control over Greece |
| 1st Macedonian War | 215-205 Philip V attempting to ally with Hannibal Rome has its handful with Hannibal, rome declared war of Macedonia, Macedonia vs. Rome + Greece ended in a draw |
| 2nd Macedonian war | (200-196): Rome intervened on behalf of the Greeks, forced Philip to surrender his fleet and pay a large fine Rome sucked into this war |
| 3rd Macedonian War | 171-168 Philip's son Perseus deposed by Romans; end of monarchy in Macedon |
| Cato | "Carthage delenda est" Came into the senate holding an apple - this apple was in Carthage three days ago - it was a very short ship journey from Rome to Carthage- "Carthage must be destroyed" |
| 3rd Punic War | 3 years Rome cut off supplies to Carthage invaded in 146- street fighting with heavy casualties Rome laid salt on the fields and destroyed the city led by Scipio Amilianus |
| Dido (historical) | Elissa Founder/Queen of Carthage royal Pheonician who went into Exile to escape her brother who murdered her husband clever threw bags into sea cut the ox hide into strips to put around land Byrsa Hill commits suicide to save her city sacrifice-brave |
| Pygmalion | Didos corrupt brother murdered her brother |
| Acerbas | Didos first husband who was murdered by her brother for a fake treasure |
| Dido at Cyprus | kidnapps 80 temple prostitutes supplies |
| Iarbas | Berber King who gave dido an ox hide to claim her land to control Carthage, tried to force Dido into marriage |
| ox and horse head meaning | ox- wealthy but subjugated Horse- powerful in war |
| Dido (myth) | met Aeneas on his way to Italy anachronistic - they couldn't have met falls in love with Aeneas, but he must start Rome - heartbroken she declares that Aeneas descendants/ Romans will always be an enemy - commits suicide cowardice sets a basis for Rome and Carthage Wars |
| Masinissa | leader of Numidians in aid of Rome during Punic Wars |
| Bacchus | (classical mythology) god of wine shouting, frenzied dancing, the use of cymbals and drums, drinking and some sexual license |
| The Cursus Honorum | "Ladder of Offices" quaestor-tribune-praetor-consul/-censor |
| Scipio Amilianus | jumped the cursus honorum. Was elected consul without being praetor first and not being old enough Destroyed Carthage in 3rd Punic War |
| Elder Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus | had held office twice |
| Tiberius Gracchus | enforce a land law that was overlooked one person could only exploit 500 iugera, or 300 acres of land. The rest could be confiscated by officials. He was to redistribute this land to the landless in Rome. vetoed by fellow tribune ______. ran for reelection - said to by a tyrant was beaten to death by a fellow tribune with the leg of a stool |
| Agrarian Commission | run by Tiberius and Gaius and tiberius father in Law (Appius Claudius Pulcher) to oversee the Land reform of Tiberius, Senate refuses to fund the commission, so it is funded by the money left to Rome by Pergamon; is not shut down when Tiberius is assassinated. |
| Gaius Gracchus | Was an electric speaker created a flat price for grain - help the populace Senate must allot provinces before Consular election Put the Equestrian as the jury to water down the power of the senate so the senate cannot judge themselve in trial renewed land reform, one in Carthage retreated with Flaccus to Aventine Hill; commits and honorable suicide |
| Gaius Opimius | Consul the year 121 when G Gracchus lost his third election as tribune. Tried to revoke some of his legislation. Herald killed at a public uproar - so he attack Gracchus and Flaccus at Aventine Hill under a SCU |
| Senatus consultum ultimum | final decree of the senate; made by L. Opimius who vowed to annul Gracchus' legistaltion-consuls given the power to do whatever they want to protect the state- results in the death of thousands of Gracchian supporters; enabled Pompey to direct Caesar to disband his army; Emergency decree that allowed senate to do anything needed to restore peace |
| Optimate | of the nobility or aristocracy supporters of the senate followed the traditional cursus honorum |
| Populares | support the citizens to advance their own ambitions |
| Noble | ancestor served as consul |
| Novus homo | "New man" the first in the family to become consul or gain high popularity or office |
| Imago | A lifelike mask of a family's most important ancestor that was placed on the lararium and worshiped. |
| why kiss your dying family member? | catch the soul and final breath the name was also shouted three times be placed on the earth coin in mouth placed on the atrium |
| Eulogy | festival of rememberance of an ancestor |
| Triumph | original means o purifying army and thanking Gods became the rare and great honor that a general, who dressed and acted like Jupiter, received for victory Senate decided |
| libertas | freedom of speech could curse the general |
| Triumphal Arch in Orange | • Stand around the Roman EMPIRE - territories ruled by Rome • Audiences everywhere • Enhance their prestige • Passageway for future generals • Document semi-permanently the triumph • Picture of the column- Trajan's Column • Carved Scenes wind up the column and then topped with a statue of general himself |
| Adherbal | son of Micipsa; banished by Jugurtha runs to Rome got east part of Numidia invaded by Jugurtha and executed |
| Hiempsal | son of Micipsa; murdered by Jugurtha |
| Jugurtha | adopted son of Micipsa; eliminates both his brothers for Numidia bribes some Roman nobles |
| Marius | general who captures Jugurtha; marries into patrician family (Julia) popularis tribune of the plebs becomes consul and ends war with Jugurtha (triumph) |
| Bocchus I (King of Maurentania) | betrays and hands over Jugurtha |
| Quintus Metellus | opposition of Marius' consulship |
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