Lab Practical 4
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Created by:
snochic469 on December 10, 2009
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the 3 main shapes for bacteria and their names? | cocci (spherical) bacilii (rod shaped) spirilla (spirals) |
| protozoa | single celled, microscopic, animal-like protist in the kingdom Protista |
| fungi | the kingdom of the NON-photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that absor nutrients from their environments |
| flatworms (Platyheminthes) | non-segmented, hermaphroditic worms -- Animalia |
| round worms (Nematode) | long, cylindrical, heavy cuticle, non-segmented --Animalia |
| pure culture | contains only a single species of organism |
| streak plate | isolates individual bacterial colonies so you can characterize and identify the bacteria present |
| pour-plate method | serial dilutions - final dilution (about 1000 organisms) poured into melted agar ( good for microaerophiles) |
| 4 steps of Gram stain | 1) crystal violet 2) iodine 3) alcohol/acetone (to decolor) 4) safranin (counterstain) |
| gram positive | thick cell wall composed mainly of peptidoglycan (90%) purple |
| gram negative | thin cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (10%) and lipopolysaccharides (nonpolar and WILL dissolve in alcohol/acetone) red |
| what is a gram stain? | a differential stain whose results vary based on differences in the cell wall of bacteria |
| selective media | encourages the growth of some organisms but supresses others i.e. MacConkey agar selective against gram positives |
| differential media | has a constituent that causes an observable change when a particular reaction occurs i.e. MacConkey turns lactose fermenters red |
| Kirby-Bauer | used to determine the susceptibility of an organism to known concentrations of antibiotics --no growth if organism was killed; if there is a zone of inhibition, it's used to determine sensitivity/resistance based on chart |
| vector | usually an arthropod, irt physically transmits a parasite from one host to another i.e. mosquitos and Malaria |
| definitive host | the host in which the adult parasite lives (ascaris worms-round- and humans) reproduces sexually in |
| intermediate host | the host in which a larva lives (schistosomes-flat- and snails) does not sexually reproduce in |
| life strategy of tapeworm | 1) pregnant proglottids with taenia eggs are released with human feces 2) ingested by intermediate host, where the eggs break inside the intestines and settle in muscles where they become cysticerci 3) humans become infected upon eating undercooked meat 4) cystic larvae develop into adult worms 5)starts all over |
| flatworm features | no body cavity, food absorbed through body wall, reproductive system most developed --features scolex (point of attchment) neck, proglottids (sections which contain eggs) |
| giardia lamblia | protozoa, causes giardisis (intestinal infection/diarrhea) survives in feces --contaminated water and food |
| trypanosoma gambiense | protozoa, African Sleeping Sickness, caused by Tsetse fly, invades all organs, eventually CNS |
| plasmodium vivax | protozoa, Malaria, Anapheles fly is vector, merozoites leave liver and invade red blood cells, causing them to burst |
| toxoplasma gondii | protozoa, toxoplasmosis, cats to humans (ingestion of oocysts) causes severe CNS damage in fetus |
| taenia tapeworm | flatworm, undercooked meat, contaminated soil, reside in intestines |
| schistosoma | flatworm, snails are vector, "blood flukes" pass through skin from fecal matter in water |
| ascaris | roundworm, causes ascariasis (malnutrition) huge worms cause bowel obstruction/ perforation |
| enterobius vermicularis | roundworm, pinworm infection, entire lifecycle takes place in gastrointestinal tract, eggs near anus |
| trichinella spiralis | roundworm, from pork, infective larvae stage penetrates muscles, develop into adults in intestine, live about 4 weeks NO fecal smear |
| wuchereria bancrofti | roundworm, causes elephantitis, transmitted by 3 different types of flies, blood samples |
| phycomycetes -vegetative | Asexual Rhizopus -Sporangiophores (aerial hyphae) sporangia (sacs at tips) sporangiospores (asexual spores) |
| phycomycetes -reproductive | Sexual Rhizopus - 2 mating types (+ and -) grow towards each other from the hyphae a zygospore forms where they unite |
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