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Noun is a word that names something: a person, a place, a thing, or an idea pronoun is a word used in place of a noun, I, you, she, it, which, that, themselves, whoever, me, she, they, mine, ours. verb is a word that expresses action or state of being. Examples: run, carried, declared, is, are, seemed adjective describes or modifies a noun or a pronoun adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. tells how, when, where, why, how often or how much preposition is a word (or group of words) that shows a relationship between its object and another word in the sentence. That's a bit vague. Another way to think of prepositions is to picture a boat with an anchor. The anchor could be on the boat, below the boat, in the boat, behind the boat or beyond the boat. conjunction connects individual words or groups of words. Examples include: and, but, or, yet, so, neither, whether, after, although, before, unless, when and while. A comma To separate the elements in a series: Their flag is red, yellow, green and blue. A comma To connect two independent clauses joined by a conjunction: They went to the fair, and Paul and Wanda decided volunteer for the dunk tank. A comma To set off introductory elements: The following morning, the team boarded the bus for the long trip home. A comma To set off parenthetical elements: The admission of guilt, offered without any prompting, sealed his fate. A semicolon connects two or more closely related independent clauses - or, to put it more simply, it connects related thoughts. An apostrophe is used in contractions, to form some plurals and to form possessives. A sentence expresses a complete thought. There are four kinds of sentences Four types of sentences declarative sentences make statements; interrogative sentences ask questions; imperative sentences make commands; and exclamatory sentences communicate strong emotion or surprise. A subject is the part of the sentence about which something is said A predicate is the part of the sentence that shows action or says something about the subject. A paragraph s an organized collection of related sentences - a mini-essay, in a sense. Transitions can be logical links in content or formal words and phrases such as however, although, meanwhile, moreover, also, in fact, for this reason, therefore, for example, in addition, etc. A topic sentence tells your readers what your paragraph is about. A formula for writing good topic sentences: An interesting subject + A specific feeling about the subject = An effective topic sentence. An expository paragraph presents facts, gives directions and otherwise informs readers. A descriptive paragraph presents a single clear picture of a person, a place, a thing or an idea. A narrative paragraph tells a story persuasive paragraph expresses an opinion and tries to convince the reader that the opinion is valid. Many grammatical errors can be avoided - and flow improved - by reading your written work aloud and listening for the sound. This is called Writing by ear Words at the beginning of sentences in a piece of writing should be Varied Clause A group of words that include a subject and predicate. Fragment A sentence lacking a subject or a verb or doesn't create a complete thought. Paragraphs are connected by transitions What word should be used instead of a lot? Many Board is a piece of wood. Bored Is to not have any interest in a subject. Capitol Major or important Capital A building or money Chose PRON - CHOZ - and is the past tense of the word choose ( CHOOZ). Die To stop living Dye Change the color of something Farther Refers to distance Further Refers to additional time, quantity or degree. it's it is its Is the possessive form of it. A comma splice contains two main clauses illegally joined by a comma. What are the top two ways to fix a comma splice? Make two complete sentences or use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOY) FANBOY stands for... For And Nor But Or Yet What are the three essential elements of a sentence? Subject - Verb - Complete Thought What are the top two ways of fixing a fragment? Adding a main clause or subject or connecting the fragment to a main clause. Often times fragments begin with ... Because, Until, Even though, After, Although, Since, Though