Chem-Chapter 3 Vocab
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chemical change | a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances;also called a chemical reaction |
| Chemical property | the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances |
| Chromatography | a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another matieral |
| Compound | a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements |
| Crystallization | a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance |
| Distillation | a technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous miztures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances involved |
| Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
| Extensive properties | a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is depndent upon the amount of substance present |
| Filtration | a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
| Gas | a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container's entire volume, and is easilt compressed |
| Heterogeneous mixture | one that does not have a uniform composition and in which individual substances remain distinct |
| Homogeneous mixture | one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution |
| Intensive properties | a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass is conserved. |
| Law of Definite Proportions | states that regardless of the amount, a compound is always of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| Law of multiple Proportions | states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ration of small whole numbers |
| Liquid | a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container |
| Mixture | a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means |
| Percent by mass | a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
| Physical changes | a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition |
| Physical property | a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition-for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point |
| Solid | a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible and expands on slightly when ehated |
| Solution | a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogenous mixture |
| States of matter | the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth-most commonly as a solid, a liquid, or a gas |
| Substance | a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance |
| Vapor | Gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
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