Flashcards: Ultimate Geometry (Terms, Postulates, Theorems, etc.)
About these flashcards
Created by:
bsktballcutie345 on December 12, 2009
Subjects:
advanced geometry, geometry, geometry theorems, Geometry Theorems and Definitions
Groups:
Cottrell Geometry, La Cucaracha, Neeks, Math, Geometry, USN 2013
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 point | a location (undefined term) |
| plane | a flat surface made up of points; has no depth and extends indefinitely in all directions (undefined term) |
| line | made up of points and has no thickness or width (undefined term) |
| collinear points | points on the same line |
| axioms/postulates | statements that are accepted without proofs |
| theorems | statements that can be proven |
| coplanar | points that lie on the same plane |
| space | a boundless, three-dimensional set of all points; can contain lines and planes |
| congruent line segments | two line segments with equal lengths |
| ray | a type of line that has one endpoint |
| opposite rays | two rays are opposite to each other iff they have the same endpoint and they are collinear |
| angle | two rays that share an endpoint |
| angle bisector | rays, line segments, or lines that divide and angle into two equal parts |
| complimentary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 90° |
| supplementary angles | two angles whose measures add up to 180° |
| 90-x | compliment of an angle |
| 180-x | supplement of an angle |
| adjacent angles | two angles that share a side, share a vertex, and have no common interior point |
| linear pairs | a pair of adjacent angles whose non-common sides are opposite rays |
| regular polygon | a polygon where all the sides and angles are congruent |
| triangle | 3 sides |
| quadrilateral | 4 sides |
| pentagon | 5 sides |
| hexagon | 6 sides |
| heptagon | 7 sides |
| octagon | 8 sides |
| nonagon | 9 sides |
| decagon | 10 sides |
| hendecagon | 11 sides |
| dodecagon | 12 sides |
| conditional statement | a statement that can be written in if-then form |
| converse | the statement formed by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement |
| inverse | the statement formed by negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement |
| contrapositive | the statement formed by negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of the converse of a conditional statement |
| symmetric property | if a=b then b=a |
| skew lines | if two lines are not on the same plane, they cannot intersect |
| transversal | a line that intersects two (or more) lines at two different points |
| corresponding angles (postulate) | if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent |
| converse of corresponding angles (postulate) | if corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel |
| scalene | type of triangle where all sides are different lengths |
| isosceles | type of triangle where at least two sides have equal lengths |
| equilateral | type of triangle where all sides are equal in length |
| acute | type of triangle where all angles are acute |
| obtuse | type of triangle that contains exactly one obtuse angle |
| right | type of triangle that contains exactly one right angle |
| angle sum theorem | given a triangle, the sum of the measures of the interior angles is 180° |
| alternate interior angle (theorem) | if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate interior angles is congruent |
| consecutive interior angle (theorem) | if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary |
| alternate exterior angle (theorem) | if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate exterior angles is congruent |
| third angle theorem | if two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of a second triangle, then the third angles of the triangles are congruent |
| exterior angle theorem | the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two remote interior angles |
| sss | if the sides of one triangle are congruent to the sides of a second triangle, then the triangles are congruent |
| sas | if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle another triangle, then the triangles are congruent |
| asa | if two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent |
| aas | if two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent |
| HL | if the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and corresponding leg of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent |
| isosceles triangle theorem | if two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are congruent |
| diagonal | a line segment that connects two non-adjacent vertices |
| CPCTC | corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent |
| perpendicular bisector (of a line segment) | a line that cuts through another line segment at its midpoint and bisects it at a 90° angle |
| circumcenter | point of concurrency for perpendicular bisectors; equidistant from the vertices |
| centroid | point of concurrency for medians; 1/3 of the whole |
| incenter | point of concurrency for angle bisectors; equidistant from each side |
| orthocenter | point of concurrency for altitudes |
| right triangle | in what type of triangle is the orthocenter a vertex? |
| equilateral triangle | in what type of triangle is the orthocenter and circumcenter the same? |
| never | in what type of triangle is the centroid outside of the triangle? |
| triangle inequality theorem | in a triangle, the sum of the measures of two sides is greater than the measure of the third side |
| hinge theorem | if two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and the included angle in the first triangle is greater than the included angle in the second triangle, then the remaining side of the first triangle is greater than the remaining side of the second triangle |
| converse of hinge theorem | if two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and the third side of the first triangle is greater than the third side of the second triangle, then the angle opposite the third side in the first triangle is greater than the angles opposite the third side in the second triangle |
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