Nursing Theory
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105 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nursing theory | shapes clinical practice |
| theories | used to provide definitions for practice |
| mursing process | provides a thinking/doing approach to care |
| theory based practice | intergrates theory in the explanation of each process |
| factors which influence changes in theory based practice | diverse clientele, community based practice, interdisciplinary practice, global practice, changes in advanced practice roles, focus on caring, more task oriented, combining one or more nursing theories |
| nursing practice | diagnosing and treating human responses to actual health problems through teaching casefinding restorative of life prescribed by licensed physician |
| 2 assumptions in the nursing process | nursing is interpersonal, human beings are holistic both give guidance and direction to the use of nursing process |
| what is the tool methodologyof nursing practice | nursing process |
| what does nursing process provide for care | means for evaluating care |
| 6 phases of nursing process | assessment, nursing diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation |
| what leads to changes in the nursing process | reassessment |
| assessment is | systematic orderly collection & analysis of data |
| what is the purpose of assessment | form a nursing diagnosis |
| nursing diagnosis is | a clinical judgement about a individual to actual helath problems or life processes derived from assessment |
| outcome identification | realistic and measureable |
| 4 outcome indicators | patient focused, provider focused, organized focused, population focused |
| patient focused | diagnosis, holistically focused |
| oiutcome planning is used | evaluate quality of care |
| planning determines | what can be done to assist client, gives direction and meaning to nursing actions |
| implementation | putting a plan to action, draws on intellectual interpersonal skills of nursing - critical thinking |
| evaluation is | attainment of outcomes |
| 5 steps of evaluation | review outcomes, collect data, compare actual outcomes to see if goals are met, record conclusion, relate nusing plans and interventions to outcomes |
| what are clinical pathways | extension of nursing process, provides a standard of care |
| nurse sensitive indicators are | linked to nursing activities that may change outcomes ex: restraints, pt falls, pressure ulcers |
| primary goal of nursin is | promote and restore health |
| what are the building blocks of theory | concepts |
| theory is built upon | key ideas |
| 4 nursing core concepts | health, nursing, person, environment |
| philosophy is | a set of ideas or beliefs, provides perspective for practice |
| 2 examples of nursing borrowed theories are | systems theory, sullivans interpersonal theory |
| middle range theories are | steps or actions that are meant to lead to a specific outcome or result |
| name 6 ideas about middle range theories | more specific than grand, fewer concepts, limites aspect of the real world, provide a better basis for testable hypothesis, framework for investigation, refined based on reasearch findings |
| concepts are | concrete and can be operationally defined, building blocks of theory |
| propositions are | concrete and may be empirically tested. relationships |
| what is the purpose for using middle range theorys | useful for emerging disciplines, describe predict phenomenon, explicit and testable, apply to practice setting and research, guides nursing interventions to improve care, provides structure, provides basis for cliincal problem solving |
| what characteristics are in middle range theorys | simple straightforward general, limited number of concepts, can be tested, focus on problems outcomes interventions, nursing specific, |
| theory of comfort is | the immediate experience of being strenghtened by having needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed in 4 contexts physical psychospiritual, sociocultural, environmental |
| major concepts of nursing based on theory of comfort | person, environment, heatlh, nursing |
| assumptions of theory of comfort | human beings have holistic responses to complex stimulit. comfort is desirable outcome, strive to have basic comfort needs met, comfort is more than absence of pain, pts are empowered with healthseeking behaviors |
| propositions of comfort | identify comfort needs, design interventions to address needs, write interventions that are effective, seek health care behaviors after comfort is acheived. |
| theory must be | meaningful and relevant |
| what is the primary distinction between a conceptual model and theory | level of abstraction |
| nursing theories are more blank then conceptual models | specific |
| theory that is broad in scope, highly abstract is | grand theory |
| theory that is narrow scope, concrete is | middle range |
| middle range theories have | fewer concepts and propositions, limited view of nursing reality, appropriate for testing, applicable to practice |
| practice theories are | easily defined, fewer concepts, situation specific ex oncology |
| nursing science refers to | system of relationships of human responses in health and illness, directs future nursing |
| knowledge development in nursing reflects | interface between nursing science and research, gaol is improve practice |
| what is nursing theory | an attempt to explain patterns and relationships found in nursing phenomena |
| phenomena is | aspect of health relevance to nursing practice ex: pain violence, poverty |
| what did nurse theorist record their thought and observations based on | professional and personal experience |
| why do we study nursing theory | enriches practice, reframe thinging about nursing, organizes knowledge, explains, interprets, describes experiences, guides actions, predicts outcomes |
| assumptions of theory is | truths |
| components of theory is | concepts, assumptions, definitions, phenomena |
| 3 categories of theories | philosophies, conceptual models, theories |
| philosophies (metatheories) are | general meaning or definitions of nursing |
| conceptual models are | concepts not directly observable, not limited to particular type of patient, most abstract |
| theories can be | grand, middle, practice |
| grand theories | discuss broad nursing practice areas |
| middle range theories discuss | specific nursing actions, processes or concepts |
| practice theories discuss | microtheories |
| what year did theory develop | 1950's |
| peplau 1952 | therapeutic interpersonal process |
| henderson 1955 | 14 basic needs |
| abdellah 1960 | nursing care for the whole person |
| orlando 1962 | client is an indivdual with a need |
| johnson 1968 | cleint adapts to illness |
| rogers 1970 | humanistic science of nursing |
| orem 1971 | self care deficit |
| king 1971 | communication |
| neuman 1972 | stress reduction |
| roy 1979 | adaptation |
| watson 1979 | philosophy of caring |
| kolcaba | comfort |
| mercer | maternal role |
| parse | human becoming |
| pender | health promotion |
| theory is influenced by | personal values and beliefs, clinical practice, history, knowledge in nursing science |
| theorists created theory from | practice |
| patterns of knowing | empirics, esthetics, personal knowledge, ethics |
| empirics | science of nursing |
| esthetics | art of nursing |
| personal knowledge | use of self |
| ethics | moral knowledge |
| examples of borrowed theories | systems theory, adaptation to stress, interpersonal theory (sullivan's) |
| borrowed theories are | derived from theories developed by related disciplines |
| steps in theory development | concept development, statement development, theory construction, testing of theory, theory application |
| concept development describes | the phenomenom of interest |
| statement development describes | development of relation statements |
| theory construction is | system organization, theoretical framework |
| testing of theoretical relationship is | validates relationship in practice |
| theory application | how theory works in practice |
| theory evaluation is defined as a | systematic process, identifies usefulness to guide practice, research, education, determines strengths and weeknesses |
| nursing science provides a basis for | professional nursing practice |
| nursing theories provide the | critical thinking structures to direct the clinical decision making process |
| structure of nursing knowledge is | philosophies, conceptual models, theories |
| metaparadigm is | core content of a discipline: person, health, environment, nursing |
| philosophies of nursing describes the | professions belief system, provides perspectives for practice, contribute to the discipline by providing direction, ex nightingale, henderson, watson, benner |
| synergy is | combined effort being greater than parts |
| mercer is associated with | maternal role attainment |
| four stages of maternal role attachment | anticipatory stage, formal stage, informal stage, personal stage |
| microsystem is | mother infant |
| mesosystem | extended family school, work |
| macrosystem relationship | between 2 or more mesosystems |
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