Principles of Biology Exam 3
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Created by:
AustinBush on October 28, 2012
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Dr. Dute's Principles of Biology Exam 3 Notes
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wave Lengths | Different colors are due to different ______ _______. |
| Electro Magnetic Spectrum | The visible part of the color spectrum is the _______ ______ _______ |
| particles | Light also has the properties of _________ |
| atmosphere | Most non visible light waves are absorbed by the ___________ |
| electrons | Light energy is transferred to _______ to cause chemical reaction in photosynthesis. |
| visible light | ______ ______ has the right amount of energy needed for photosynthesis. |
| Pigment | any substance that absorbs light. |
| absorbed, reflected, go through | When light hits a surface it can be ______, _______, or _____ ______ |
| Chlorophyll a | ________ __ is the major plant pigment that absorbs red and blue (reflects Green). |
| Chlorophyll b | ________ __ is the accessory pigment that reflects green yellow. |
| Beta Carotene | _____ ______ is the accessory pigment that reflects orange and helps Chlorophyll a not break down. |
| Xanthophyll | ________ is the accessory pigment that reflects yellow. |
| broaden the amount of energy that can be absorbed. | What are accessory pigments' purpose? |
| chromoplast | chloroplasts are converted to _______ in the fall and allow Xanthophyll and Beta Carotene to be visible. |
| Abscission Zone | The glue that connects leaves to the tree at the middle lamella. |
| hydrophobic | Chlorophyll are _______. |
| Granum | Thylakoid Stacks form _______. |
| Thylakoid membrane | pigments are found in the _____ ________. |
| Photosynthesis | _________ consists of Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle. |
| Light Reactions | ________ occur in the thylakoid membrane. Light energy is absorbed by the pigments and ATP and NADPH are made. |
| Calvin Cycle | _______ occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. CO2 is fixed in a carbohydrate, ATP and NADPH are used, results in sugar that plant uses or stores as starch. |
| Photosystems | clusters of pigments. |
| Biomass | theres more plant matter than animal matter. |
| RuBP Carboxylase | The most common plant protein (enzyme), probably the most common protein in the world. |
| three | The Calvin Cycle goes _____ times before a sugar is given off. |
| Genetics | The science of heredity |
| Nucleus | ______ carries the hereditary information. |
| Daughter Cells | _______ ____ are identical to each other and the mother cell. They receive the same genetic material. |
| Binary Fission | Prokaryotic Cell Division is also called ______ ______. DNA is replicated, Nucleus splits, Cytokinesis, two new cells. |
| Eukaryotic | _______ Cell Division consists of Mitosis and Cytokinesis. |
| Chromatin | ______ threads are 60% protein, 40% DNA. |
| centrosome | a pair of centrioles is a _________. |
| Mitosis | Consists of Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. Produces two Diploid Daughter Cells (2n) that are identical to the original parent cell. Chromatin Threads condense into Chromosomes, Chromosomes line up along middle of Nucleus, Chromosomes split and are pulled to opposite ends, Cytokinesis and decondensing, Two new Cells. |
| Cytokinesis | _______ in animal cells is the Cleavage furrow formation that overlaps telophase. Microfilaments interact with myosin. Cell plate is formed in Plant Cells. |
| Interphase | The period of a cell's life when it is not dividing, when it does its normal business. Consists of G1 (normal stuff), G2 (preparation for Cell division), S (DNA replication, single to double strands of DNA) |
| Stim Cells | _____ _____ are cells that constantly undergo division. |
| 46 | Humans have ___ chromosomes. |
| Sex Cells | Gametes, 23 chromosomes, n, haploid. |
| Somatic Cells | body cells that are 46 chromosomes, diploid. |
| Fertilization | _______ yields a zygote. |
| Homologous Chromosomes | 1 chromosome from father, 1 from mother, same size, shape, genetic information. |
| Locus | the site on a chromosome where a gene is located is the _____. |
| males | Meiosis in ____ results in four 23 spermatids. |
| females | Meiosis in _______ results in a functional egg and polar bodies. |
| Asexual Reproduction | ______ ______ results in an increase in population but does not increase genetic diversity. |
| Gregor mendel | Father of Mendelian Genetics. |
| Alleles | Different forms of genes are called _______. |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of a gene |
| Phenotype | the outward appearance of a trait. |
| Dihybrid | Typical ______ cross yields the ratio 9:3:3:1. |
| Recombination | The creation of new genetic combinations |
| Polygenic Inheritance | a single character that is affect by many gene loci in an additive manner. |
| theoretical | Genotype determines the ________ phenotype. |
| Pleiotropy | One gene locus affects many characters. |
| Incomplete dominance | When the phenotype of a heterozygous is intermediate between homozygous parents. |
| Penetrance | proportion of individuals who show phenotype of what is expected by genotype. |
| Epistasis | Modification of expression of one gene caused by another non-allelic gene. |
| Antigens | ____ are glycolipids located in the cell membrane that are name tags so antibodies can identify them. |
| O | the universal blood donor. |
| AB | The universale blood recipient. |
| Gonosomes | Sex Chromosomes are called _______. |
| X linked Chromosomes | Gene found on only the X chromosome. |
| Barr Body | Found in cells of females, represents condensed X chromosome that is shut off. Dosage Compensation. X chromosome is turned back on during Meiosis. |
| Prophase I | ______ _ allows for Meiosis to provide genetic diversity due to cross over. Dr. Morgan's Lab. |
| Mutations | any changes in the chromosomes an their constituent genes. |
| Aneuploidy | Change in the number of chromosomes by less than a haploid set. i.e. Down Syndrome. |
| Lethal Alleles | Alleles that are normally recessive but lethal. |
| Polyploidy | A change in the number of chromosomes by a complete haploid set is _________. |
| Translocation | The transfer of genes from one chromosome to another none homolygous chromosome. |
| Inversion | Chromosome genes break off and reattach upside down. |
| Pedigree | Family tree. |
| Dominant | ______ traits never skip a generation. |
| Recessive inheritance | _____ _____ commonly skip one or more generations. |
| Mitochondrial Inheritance. | Non-Mendelian Inheritance from mother. |
| Autosomal Recessive | most disease are ______ ______. |
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