Cell Cycle and terms relating to the said process
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 G1 phase | cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles |
| S phase | Chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA takes place. Usually when a cell enters this phase and begins replication of chromosomes, it completes the rest of the cycle |
| G2 phase | Shortest of the three interphase cycles. During this phase, many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. Once completed, the cell is ready to enter the M phase and begin the process of cell division |
| M phase | Mitosis and cytokinesis occur |
| Prophase | The longest phase of mitosis. It can take as much as 50 to 60 percent of the total time required to complete mitosis. During this phase, the chromosomes become visible. The centrioles move apart and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus. The spindles attach microtubules to the chromosomes, and the nucleus disappears as the nuclear envelope breaks down. |
| Metaphase | During this phase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle. |
| Anaphase | The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | In this phase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The spindle begins to break apart, and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus. |
| Centromere | What the chromatids are attached to |
| Chromatid | One of the two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| Chromosome | In eukaryotic cells, the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next is carried by this |
| Cell Cycle | A series of events that the cells go through as they grow and divide. During this concept a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again |
| Contact Inhibition | A natural growth regulator in the cell. It occurs when the dividing cell makes contact with a neighboring cell. The molecules on the cells alert the cell to stop dividing. In cancer cells, the cells do not normally have this regulator |
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