| Term | Definition |
| fjord | narrow, deep inlets of sea set between high, rocky cliffs |
| loch | Scottish lakes; located in valleys carved by glaciers |
| North Atlantic Drift | warm ocean current that brings mild temperatures and rain to parts of Northern Europe |
| constitutional monarchy | government with a monarch (king/queen) as head of state and a parliament or other legislature that makes the laws |
| famine | great shortage of food |
| bog | soft ground soaked with water |
| peat | matter made from dead plants, usually mosses |
| neutral | not taking sides in a dispute or conflict |
| uninhabitable | an area that cannot support human settlement |
| geysers | hot springs that shoot hot water and steam into the air; can be used for geothermal energy |
| glen | Scottish word for "valley" |